BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//InvisionCommunity Events 4.7.23//EN METHOD:PUBLISH CALSCALE:GREGORIAN REFRESH-INTERVAL:PT15M X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT15M X-WR-CALNAME:RMCommunityCalendar NAME:RMCommunityCalendar BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:Europe/London TZURL:http://tzurl.org/zoneinfo/Europe/London X-LIC-LOCATION:Europe/London BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:+0000 TZOFFSETTO:+0100 TZNAME:BST DTSTART:20250330T020000Z RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 TZOFFSETTO:+0000 TZNAME:GMT DTSTART:20251026T020000Z RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lucy Worsley on the Gunpowder Plot - January 23rd 2025 DTSTAMP:20250124T020248Z SEQUENCE:0 UID:156-7-c3fe8195a3dde498d013e477e2142422@aalbc.com ORGANIZER;CN="richardmurray":troy@aalbc.com DESCRIPTION:\n Lucy Worsley on the Gunpowder Plot - January  23rd 2025\ n\n https://aalbc.com/tc/profile/6477-richardmurray/?status=2831&\;type =status\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n MY THOUGHTS\n\n\n\n Vendett a comes from the latin vindicare meaning \"force to proclaim\" . I modulat e into a precise wordage \" a tactile nonverbal action to speak\". A vende tta is a tactile nonverbal action to speak. The questions is clear\, what leads someone to choose speaking with tactile nonverbal action in oppositi on to other forms? The episode in defense explains the guides: bloody tact ile actions that a person can deem as an assault on a member of their comm unity by another community or the government\, legal actions that a financ ially affluent person in a community can deem restrictive or inequal by an other community or the government \, a vibe to another community or the go vernment that a person in a community is empowered by\, an individual in a community who has the will to harm others through tactile means.  Guy Fa wkes and his accomplices had it all: examples of individuals murdered by t he government for being a member of their community in all their memory\, government sanctions or restrictions on the wealthy members of their group for being members of their community\, an energy in their community to co mmit acts of violence toward the government\, themselves as willing member s of their community to commit vendetta. One of the modern tricks of gover nments\, stemming from the usa\, is learning how to maintain and embrace t he fiscally wealthy in each community such that the financing or resources to vendetta by abused communities\, ala first peoples in the usa or black descended of enslaved in the usa\, doesn't have their own wealthy backing it. This is a huge deterrent to vendetta occurring in the usa. the group I call the Black fiscal aristocracy in the usa has never been blockaded co mpletely and always embraced more and more by the white fiscal aristocracy or the usa federal/state/city governments the white fiscal aristocracy co ntrol. \n\n\n\n The older governments in humanity allowed union of the fi scal groups in oppressed communities in their borders\, the usa and the wo rlds governments influenced by it\, still abuse\, still create daily examp les of inequal abuse\, still has those in abused populae who want to vende tta but the fiscally wealthy in most abused populaces is treated disfavora bly but not restricted or blockaded. \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n TRANSCRIPT\n\n\n \n  \n\n\n\n ♪ Lucy Worsley: Midnight on the 4th of November\, 1605.\n\ n[Wind blowing] ♪ In a cellar deep below Parliament\, a man called Guy F awkes prepares to light the fuse of a deadly attack planned by a small net work of men... ♪ determined... [Crackling] to destroy the king and his g overnment.\n\n[Cawing] Unstopped\, this one explosion... [Crack] could hav e changed the history of Britain entirely.\n\nSo what were the steps\, the causes\, and connections that led these men to attempt to blow up Parliam ent.\n\n♪ [Explosion] [Cawing] ♪ In this series\, I'm reinvestigating some of the most dramatic and brutal chapters in British history.\n\nOh\, yes\, here we go.\n\nMan: And now you're face to face with William the Con queror.\n\nWoman: They know that sex sells and that violence sells.\n\nWor sley: These stories form part of our national mythology.\n\nThey harbor my steries that have intrigued us for centuries.\n\nIt turns very dark here.\ n\nWoman: Clearly showing us-- Worsley: Refugees.\n\nThere are such graphi c images of religious violence.\n\nBut with the passage of time\, we have new ways to unlock their secrets using scientific advances and a modern pe rspective.\n\nHe was what we would now call a foreign fighter.\n\nWorsley: I'm going to uncover forgotten witnesses.\n\nI'm going to reexamine old e vidence and follow new clues...\n\nThe human hand.\n\nto get closer to the truth.\n\nIt's like fake news.\n\nWorsley: You're questioning whether we can actually take that seriously as a piece of evidence.\n\n♪ [Explosion ] ♪ Worsley: I'm deep beneath the streets of London on the trail of a gr oup of men who many would now call domestic terrorists.\n\nAh\, here it is .\n\nThese are the Gunpowder Plotters\, the infamous Guy Fawkes and his fe llow conspirators\, who on the 5th of November\, 1605\, tried to blow up a packed parliament in the name of their Catholic faith.\n\nI think that th is image shows just how sanitized this story has become.\n\nEvery year\, m uch of Britain still celebrates Guy Fawkes Night\, his night\, on the 5th of November.\n\nThe Gunpowder Plot has become a nice\, family-friendly par ty night with bonfires and fireworks and an engraving that's safe enough t o be shown on the Tube.\n\nBut this is not a safe story.\n\n♪ Back in 16 05 when Guy Fawkes was caught\, the ports were closed\, people panicked.\n \nThe state focused all its attention on tracking down and executing the g roup of would-be killers.\n\n♪ [Chains rattling] ♪ I want to investiga te how these men reached the extreme\, how they connected with others and came to believe that the answer to their problems was wiping out the seat of power.\n\nThis was a dangerously radicalized network of men.\n\nThey we re willing to risk everything to kill hundreds\, if not thousands\, of peo ple for their cause\, but what made them unite and plan this really monume ntal act of violence?\n\n♪ We tend to forget the names or even the exist ence of most of the plotters\, yet even as children\, they had connections to each other... so to uncover the roots of their radicalization\, I'm st arting this investigation by going back much earlier than most people do\, to their childhoods.\n\n♪ 3 of the future conspirators\, John Wright an d his brother Christopher Wright\, as well as Guy Fawkes\, all went to the same school\, growing up in the city of York.\n\n♪ [Bells tolling] ♪ Amazing.\n\n♪ This is Saint Michael Le Belfrey Church\, which has been a ctive for nearly 500 years.\n\nIt's currently undergoing a major renovatio n\, but I've been allowed to come in to take a look at the church records. \n\n♪ This book contains the first written record of Guy Fawkes.\n\nHere he is\, the third one down.\n\nIt says\, \"Guy Fawkes\, the son of Edward Fawkes\, was christened\,\" here in this church in 1570.\n\nBut there's s omething else I want to look at in this book to get a sense of Guy's early life.\n\nOh\, yes!\n\nHere it is.\n\nA list of burials from 8 years later \, 1578\, and among the people who've died is...Edward Fawkes.\n\nThat's G uy's father\, so Guy lost his father when he was still a child\, and there 's something else here\, too.\n\nIt's quite tricky to read\, but it says h e was registrar and advocate of the consistory court of the cathedral\, so that means he was a lawyer working in the church court.\n\nThat would hav e been dealing with cases like the annulment of people's marriages\, that sort of thing\, and it's interesting because it means that Guy's father wa s working for the church\, and at the time\, that meant the Protestant chu rch.\n\n♪ So Guy\, who will ultimately die for a Catholic cause\, is bor n a Protestant.\n\n♪ In the late 16th century\, faith had the power to d ictate life on Earth and beyond.\n\nProtestants and Catholics disagreed on the route to salvation.\n\nPicking the wrong side meant the difference be tween heaven and hell.\n\n♪ In the 1580s\, Guy's mother remarried into a Catholic family.\n\nAround this time\, Guy became a convert.\n\nWhen Guy converted to Catholicism\, he must have felt that this was the only way to obey God and ultimately to go to heaven\, but in the eyes of the state\, he was utterly wrong.\n\nThe Protestant Queen Elizabeth was on the throne\ , and by the 1580s\, when the young Guy was walking these streets\, Cathol icism was effectively banned.\n\nNot going to Protestant church could mean fines or even prison.\n\nCatholic priests were outlaws\, and protecting p riests meant real danger.\n\nWhen Guy was in his teens\, a local woman cal led Margaret Clitherow-- she was the wife of a butcher-- was accused of hi ding priests in her house.\n\nAs a result of this\, she was brought to the middle of York\, and she was very publicly killed.\n\n♪ I want to know what effect this event might have had on Guy Fawkes and the other York-bas ed conspirators\, the Wrights\, who were from a known Catholic family\, an d there's a tantalizing clue in the city's Bar Convent.\n\n♪ Worsley: Ha nnah\, what is this completely extraordinary object?\n\nSo we are looking at the hand of Margaret Clitherow.\n\n-The hand?\n\n-The hand.\n\n-The hum an hand?\n\n-The human hand.\n\nThis is a relic taken at some point by her followers so they had something to remember her by\, to keep safe.\n\nCan you tell me a bit of Margaret's story?\n\nShe's somebody who converts to Catholicism in her 20s\, and then she runs runs a sort of secret Catholic network\, safe homes for priests.\n\nShe's imprisoned 3 times over a 7-yea r period\, and then in 1585\, the law changes\, and it makes it a capital offense to harbor a priest\, and then under that law\, she is prosecuted\, so she refuses to plead guilty or not guilty to protect people around her .\n\nSo the sentence that's actually passed on her is to be crushed until she enters a plea or until she dies.\n\nTo be--to be what?\n\n-To be crush ed?\n\n-Crushed?\n\n-Yes.\n\nYes.\n\n-Ohh!\n\nThat is terrible.\n\nYeah.\n \nIt's a particularly brutal death.\n\nThere's a sharp stone put under her back\, a door is laid on top of her\, and then heavy weights are put on t op of the door\, so they're constantly added\, so it gets heavier and heav ier\, and obviously\, naturally\, I think she lasts about 15 minutes.\n\nI t's a particularly horrific way to die\, very public\, quite undignified.\ n\nSo she's stripped.\n\nShe's just in her kind of linen shift.\n\nAnd peo ple are watching this.\n\nPeople are watching.\n\nThere's a huge crowd wat ching it.\n\nIs it possible that Guy Fawkes was present at this public spe ctacle of execution?\n\nIt's very possible.\n\nA lot of the Catholics in t he city were there.\n\nWe know that there are accounts of there being a re ally large crowd.\n\nSo even if they weren't there necessarily in person a t the execution\, then we know they would have heard about the story.\n\nS o we've got the manuscript biography of her life\, which was circulated am ongst the Catholic community\, and then we've got a little sort of picture \, as well\, which does a similar job.\n\nSo it's a little engraving of he r execution\, so the death is happening here at the background.\n\nAnd the y're putting the weights on.\n\n-Putting the weights on.\n\n-Gosh.\n\nAnd again\, you could pass this around the community.\n\nYou could share the s tory.\n\nThat's such a powerful image\, isn't it?\n\n\"This is what those Protestants have done to us.\"\n\nIt must have been a hugely\, viscerally distressing experience for everybody.\n\nI think it must have had a massiv e impact.\n\nThe two other gunpowder plotters\, John and Christopher Wrigh t\, they were possibly there\, as well.\n\nSo the men that were to later o n become the Gunpowder Plotters\, you know\, they're in their teens at thi s point\, and then this story becomes a sort of what if that was my mother \, or what if that was our family?\n\nChanges their whole world to be labe led as a Catholic.\n\nIt's not just a case of where do they go to church o n a Sunday.\n\nIt's a real sort of everyday struggle.\n\nThere's constant persecution.\n\nI'm thinking if I were a Catholic this might well make me paranoid\, but in a sense that paranoia is completely justified.\n\nThere are people out to kill them.\n\nYeah\, absolutely.\n\nIt is a stark remind er of the realities of what they're doing.\n\n♪ Worsley: The violent dea th of Margaret Clitherow must have had a seismic effect on the community h ere in York\, where Guy Fawkes and some of the other future plotters were teenagers.\n\nThis was an impressionable age for them\, and I can imagine that if you were recently converted to Catholicism or thinking about becom ing a Catholic\, then this must have had a real impact.\n\nI'm not saying that watching somebody being killed for their religion justifies the killi ng of other people.\n\nAbsolutely not\, but I think I can begin to glimpse the sort of effect it might have had on Guy Fawkes.\n\nTo him\, religion must have started to feel like it was a matter of life and death.\n\n[Bell s tolling] We can never know exactly what the young Guy Fawkes thought abo ut his home country and the ruling regime at this time... [Water sloshing] but we do know he decided to leave.\n\nIn his early 20s\, Guy went to Eur ope to fight for Catholic Spain in its wars against the Protestant Dutch.. . ♪ but he was becoming a soldier.\n\nHe's not an extremist yet... ♪ a nd although Guy has today become the face of the Gunpowder Plot\, it wasn' t his idea.\n\nTo understand what drove this plan for radical violence\, I 'm going to have to follow a different line of inquiry to look at the man credited with coming up with the plot\, the ringleader Robert Catesby.\n\n ♪ I've come to Ashby Manor in Northamptonshire\, which belonged to the C atesby family.\n\nAshby is mentioned in letters between the conspirators a s a base where they could meet\, and hidden away here is the perfect room. \n\nThis is the gatehouse.\n\nIt's supposed to be a good place for plottin g because it's at a distance from the main house over there.\n\nThat's so Robert Catesby's mum didn't need to know what was going on\, and it's here they had some of the meetings to plan the gunpowder attack on Westminster .\n\n♪ [Hushed] It happened here.\n\n♪ The other conspirators later ta lked about Catesby as a charismatic man who drew them into the Gunpowder P lot... but this wasn't the first uprising Robert Catesby had been involved with.\n\n[Priest speaking Latin] 4 years earlier in 1601\, Catesby had jo ined an attempted coup known as the Essex Rebellion.\n\nThis wasn't a Cath olic plot\, but a power grab within the court of Elizabeth I\, which attra cted a range of disaffected groups.\n\n♪ To try to understand Catesby's motivations\, I'm meeting a historian who studied the evidence for his lif e.\n\nWe're sat here in one of the Catesby family's homes.\n\nCan you tell me a bit about Robert's background?\n\nWell\, he's from a prominent gentr y family\, who are descended from one of the cronies of Richard III\, but by the 1580s\, Catesby's father is known as one of the kind of leading Cat holic gentlemen in the area.\n\nHe is somebody who we call a recusant\, wh o pays fines for not attending the Church of England services\, and he's s een as potentially troublesome to the regime.\n\nSo like father\, like son \, there's a history of being a Catholic agitator.\n\nYeah.\n\nCatesby's f ather William Catesby\, as far as we know\, did not get involved in any sc hemes that involved violent action\, and he declared that he was a loyal s ubject of the Crown\, just not of the church.\n\n[Indistinct voices] So in that sense\, Robert Catesby is of a generation that has decided that viol ent action is now necessary because they can't see that their situation an d the situation of those who are suffering for their religion is going to become any better.\n\n[Indistinct voices] For Catesby\, the outlawing of h is religion meant you're not really-- you can't participate in the state.\ n\nYou're not anything we'd call a citizen\, and for a member of the gentr y\, that means really\, you can't live the kind of life to which you are b orn properly.\n\nHe seems to have been extremely ambitious but also posses sed of this kind of desire for action.\n\nWe have records of him in conver sation with Catholic priests saying\, \"I cannot wait.\n\n\"I cannot wait for Catholicism \"to be restored by Providence.\n\nI have to act now.\"\n\ n-He's an action man.\n\n-He's an action man.\n\nAlexandra\, what happens to the people who were involved in the Earl of Essex's rebellion?\n\nWell\ , Essex himself\, with a handful of his really close conspirators are exec uted.\n\nThey're beheaded\, but a much larger number of them are imprisone d and fined quite significantly.\n\nThis document says\, \"The names of th ose that are fined and reserved to Her Majesty's use\,\" and here we see t he name of Robert Catesby.\n\n4\,000 marks.\n\nThat's a pretty big fine.\n \nIt's difficult to make these kinds of calculations\, but we think that's \, at a very low estimate\, at least £4 million today.\n\nGosh.\n\nAnd wh at does it mean to be reserved to Her Majesty like that?\n\nThat means\, t heoretically\, to be imprisoned or to be placed under some kind of close c onfinement -such as house arrest?\n\n-Gosh.\n\nHe's certainly\, from this point\, on the radar of the Privy Council and the Crown as somebody who mi ght be a potential threat.\n\nJust before Elizabeth's death\, he's one of a number of Catholic gentlemen who are placed under some kind of confineme nt and watch.\n\nThey're described as hunger starved for innovation.\n\nTh at means that they're seen as seditious.\n\nThey want some kind of change\ , and he's seen as a kind of turbulent spirit\, who might be dangerous.\n\ n♪ Worsley: It seems to me that Robert Catesby was a desperate man... so keen for change that it was already landing him in trouble.\n\nElizabetha n rule had been hard on these Catholic families.\n\nThere was a mood of an ger... ♪ but I want to examine why that anger then grew into extremism u nder a different monarch... ♪ because the Gunpowder Plot took place two years after the death of Elizabeth.\n\nIn 1603\, King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England.\n\n♪ Catholics like Robert Catesby coul d find reasons to be optimistic.\n\n♪ King James was Protestant\, but hi s mother had been the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots\, and James' own wife h ad converted to Catholicism\, suggesting his children could be brought up in the faith.\n\n♪ James was the leader many Catholics had hoped for.\n\ nIn fact\, one of the plotters-- Thomas Percy was his name-- had even met up with James before he'd taken the English throne in order to discuss tol eration for Catholics.\n\n♪ So why would the plotters turn from being ho peful about the new king to wanting to kill him?\n\nJames' biographer beli eves that a book written by the king himself reveals a reason why the plot ters might have felt betrayed.\n\nSo this is James' \"Basilikon Doron\,\" or \"The Kingly Gift\,\" and it's a sort of how to be a king that James ha d written to his son Prince Henry\, and it was first written in 1599 when he was King of Scotland but then became a mammoth bestseller in England up on his accession to the English throne in 1603.\n\nWhat kind of insights d o we get from the book then?\n\nWe get some quite surprising insights into how James might have operated.\n\nOne of those is the idea of being econo mical with the truth.\n\nIs that OK?\n\nWell\, for James it is at times.\n \nSo in this passage in the 1603 edition\, he says that \"it may be though t a point \"of imbecility of spirit in a king to speak obscurely\, much mo re untruly.\"\n\nSo that means you've got to be a straight talker -to be a good king.\n\n-That's exactly right.\n\nIn the 1603 edition.\n\nIn the ea rliest forms of the text\, however\, in 1599\, it's a little bit different .\n\nNo way.\n\nWhat does he say?\n\nSo I've got here the older Scottish v ersion from 1599.\n\n\"The king must not speak obscurely\, \"much more unt ruly\, except some unhappy mutiny \"or sudden rebellion were blazed up.\n\ n\"Then indeed it is a lawful policy to bear \"with that present fiery con fusion by fair general speeches.\"\n\nWhat a dirty devil!\n\nSo he's sayin g\, if there's a crisis going on\, it's OK not to tell the truth.\n\n-Abso lutely.\n\n-To say things that are kind of meaningless just to-- just to s mooth things over.\n\nYes.\n\nThat's right\, and indeed\, he goes on to sa y\, \"keeping you as far as you can from direct promises.\"\n\nSo give the m the brush off.\n\nSo if that's his true thought-- and I can imagine him coming to England and saying all of these kind things about the Catholics- - -Mm.\n\n-is that how they got the idea that he was going to tolerate the m.\n\nUh\, yes\, on one level\, I think that is true.\n\nBefore he is safe ly ensconced on the English throne\, he is trying to appeal to different a udiences who might be useful to him in bringing about a smooth course to s ucceed to Elizabeth's throne\, almost like a politician seeking election\, and when James came south in the spring of 1603\, things did get lighter for Catholics.\n\nFines on Catholics for nonattendance at church were grea tly alleviated\, so James gives off these signals.\n\nHe's able to leave p eople thinking that they have been listened to.\n\nIn that sense\, he's a slippery character at times\, but that does then pose some problems becaus e the hopes that they had in him turn out not to be quite what they had th ought.\n\n♪ Worsley: The king's attitude towards Catholics soon hardened .\n\nIn March 1604\, James made a proclamation to Parliament\, making it c lear he was never going to tolerate Catholicism.\n\nHe ordered the deporta tion of Jesuit priests\, accusing them of being a malevolent foreign influ ence.\n\nThe fines Queen Elizabeth had established for not going to church were soon reintroduced and backdated.\n\nThere was a sense of doors closi ng.\n\nThe options for toleration were shutting down.\n\n♪ For an alread y frustrated man like Robert Catesby\, all this must have felt like a real blow\, perhaps even a provocation... ♪ but while these events were unfo lding in England\, Guy Fawkes was hundreds of miles away.\n\n♪ So how fa r down the road to extremism was he?\n\n♪ When King James came to the th rone\, Guy Fawkes had been in Europe for about a decade\, fighting for Cat holic Spain.\n\n♪ His name appears on lists of soldiers\, but there's ve ry little detail... ♪ but to get a sense of how Guy was feeling about ev ents in England... ♪ I tracked down some evidence in a Spanish historica l archive in Simancas.\n\nThis is a document that's supposed to be written rather excitingly by Fawkes himself.\n\nNow it's in Spanish--ahh!\n\nAnd I can see what he's done.\n\nHe's changed his name to the more Spanish-sou nding Guido.\n\nHe's become Guido Fawkes here.\n\nIt's from 1603\, and Gui do Fawkes is reporting news to the royal court in Spain.\n\n♪ The subjec t is the new King James\, and this English translation exposes the true na ture of Guy's position.\n\nIt says here that James is a heretic and that h e's determined to \"tyrannize\" the English Catholics.\n\nThat's a strong word.\n\nGuy goes on to claim there's infighting in James' court.\n\nIt ap pears he's deliberately undermining the new king.\n\nHe's telling the Span ish that England is not a happy place\, especially for Catholics.\n\n♪ I t's likely that by spreading these stories Guy was hoping Spain would step in and help.\n\n♪ Spain had been at war with England since the mid 1580 s.\n\n[Men shouting] [Explosions] In 1588\, the fleet of the Spanish Armad a had attempted to invade England.\n\nEver since\, English Catholics had l obbied Spain to try again or at least support a rebellion.\n\n♪ And ther e's another document here that I think suggests just how desperate for cha nge Guy was.\n\nHmm.\n\nThis is--this is amazing.\n\nThis is Guy imagining the future.\n\nHe's drafted a proclamation that's to be handed out to Eng lish people after an imaginary future foreign invasion\, so he's literally making plans for there to be a new regime in England\, and hidden inside what he's written is this fascinating point.\n\nHe says that God is going to be OK if you use violence\, provided you've been oppressed and when no other remedy is offered.\n\nSo what he's saying is that when there's no ot her option\, violence is justified in the eyes of God.\n\nGuy's ready to f ight back.\n\n♪ Guy wasn't the only person hoping Spain would help the E nglish Catholics.\n\nCatesby and other plotters\, too\, appealed to the Sp anish for aid.\n\nIt was their last big hope\, but Spain was short of cash .\n\nWar was expensive\, So in 1604\, Spain and England signed a peace tre aty.\n\nThis must have left the English Catholics feeling alone.\n\nThe ca valry were not coming\, and perhaps this was the final twist in the screw that made Catesby and the other conspirators feel that it was down to them .\n\nNobody was going to help them.\n\nThey must take drastic action.\n\ n♪ Within a year of James' coronation\, Catesby had begun to gather a sm all group of men to plot a major uprising.\n\nJohn Wright had grown up in York and\, like Catesby\, had been part of the Essex Rebellion.\n\nThomas Wintour was Robert Catesby's cousin and a relative of one of the priests h idden by Margaret Clitherow.\n\n♪ To get inside the heads of these plott ers as they made their early plans\, I've come to Hatfield House\, built b y Robert Cecil\, the Secretary of State\, who oversaw the Gunpowder Plot i nvestigations.\n\n♪ Among Cecil's papers here are the confessions of cor e conspirator Thomas Wintour.\n\nThese are key\, key sources for what happ ened in the Gunpowder Plot.\n\nA lot of the detail comes out here about wh at was happening in the room when the conspirators were actually having th ese dangerous conversations.\n\nIt's like being a fly on the wall.\n\nWint our talks here about the first time Robert Catesby told him he'd thought o f a way to bring back the Catholic religion to England.\n\n\"In a word\,\" Catesby says\, \"it was to blow up the Parliament House with gunpowder.\" \n\nThere it is.\n\n\"In that place have they... done...us all the mischie f.\"\n\nSo he means \"in that place\, the Parliament\, they have done the bad things to us Catholics\,\" and--oh--this is-- it turns very dark here\ , And he says\, \"Perchance God \"has designed that place for their punish ment.\n\n\"For what they've done \"to the members of the Catholic faith\, these people in the Parliament have to die.\"\n\n♪ In a single blast\, t hey would take out the entire structure of power.\n\nTargeting the opening day of Parliament meant the king and most of his family would be at Westm inster.\n\nSo would members of the House of Lords and MPs\, who all had a say in making the law\, but there has to be more to the plot than this.\n\ nThe explosion was supposed to cause huge confusion in London\, and the pl otters were going to go galloping up to the Midlands to rouse their suppor ters for a rebellion.\n\nThey were also going to kidnap the king's daughte r\, his little girl\, and set her up as a Catholic puppet queen.\n\nSo thi s was supposed to be regime change\, new monarch\, new government.\n\nCate sby was building his team and knew exactly who he needed.\n\nDown here\, w e get for the first time the mention of a very significant name in connect ion with the plot.\n\nCatesby tells Wintour to go abroad\, to go to the Sp anish Netherlands\, and to bring back with him \"some confident gentleman. \"\n\nThat means a gentleman he can trust\, \"such as you shall understand best able for this business and named unto me Mr.\n\nFawkes.\"\n\n♪ So why was this Guy Fawkes the best man for the job?\n\n♪ By the time Winto ur went to recruit Guy Fawkes\, Guy had been a soldier fighting in a holy war for most of his adult life.\n\n♪ That must have given him a key prac tical skill.\n\n♪ He was likely to have worked with gunpowder.\n\nThis w asn't a suicide mission.\n\nThe plan was to light the fuse and escape.\n\n Guy Fawkes should have had the know-how to do just that... ♪ but I'm int erested in how else Guy's experience abroad might have influenced him.\n\n Now\, even though there's a great mass of 17th century documentation about the Gunpowder Plot\, it's still quite hard for me to grasp what pushed Gu y over the edge\, what turned him from being a rebel who wanted change int o an absolute radical willing to kill?\n\n♪ I'm intrigued.\n\nif modern knowledge of extremism can help me understand the lengths to which Guy was willing to go\, so I've enlisted the help of a journalist and author who' s written extensively on terror\, and particularly al Qaeda.\n\nJason\, wh y do you think the plotters go abroad to recruit Guy Fawkes?\n\nBecause it 's abroad that they'll find exactly the person they need.\n\nThe one thing that's really clear about more recent plots\, those in the last few decad es\, is that spending time overseas and then coming back is absolutely cru cial.\n\nIf they're overseas or\, in fact\, if they're just a long way fro m home\, they can be kept in an environment where the radicalization proce ss is really very intense.\n\nThere are no other influences getting in.\n\ nIt's just the group\, the ideology\, the other people in that group.\n\nS omeone who's involved in terrorist training said to me once that the only way that he could take a teenager and turn them into the kind of extremist actor that he wanted was by taking them away from their home\, and you pu t them in a kind of camp somewhere in a particular environment where you'r e surrounded by people who are committed to the same cause.\n\nThat will w ork.\n\nI mean\, he said to me\, \"If they go back to their mum every nigh t\, forget it.\n\nThat's not gonna happen.\"\n\nIf a if they're in an envi ronment that's outside their own kind of domestic environment\, then you c an really see that the radicalization processes will happen quite fast.\n\ nDo you think it's significant that Guy Fawkes himself had been working as a soldier?\n\nOh\, yeah\, very much so.\n\nIn that real kind of hothouse environment\, his commitment and his tolerance for violence\, also\, will be reinforced\, get higher and higher and higher\, so I think it's really important that he was what we would now call a foreign fighter.\n\nHe got skills\, got psychologically hardened there\, was exposed to some probably quite traumatic experiences\, and then came back and is absolutely perfec t to fit into this plot that is preexisting.\n\nJason\, do you have any in sight into what makes a person willing to go all the way and kill loads of people?\n\nThe whole thing about terrorism is it's not a science.\n\nWhat you can say is that whoever does it... needs to believe that it is the on ly thing they can do in those circumstances.\n\nThey're very often seeing their community or the people they identify with as under threat.\n\nNow\, that might be wrong.\n\nOften is\, but that's what they see\, and then th at then justifies what they think they have to do.\n\n-No alternative.\n\n -There's no alternative.\n\nIt is now\, it is urgent\, and they have to be the ones who will do it.\n\n♪ Worsley: In May 1604\, the core plotters came together to take an oath of secrecy and make plans.\n\n♪ While Cate sby was known to the authorities\, Guy Fawkes wasn't.\n\nHe was able to mo ve around without suspicion.\n\n♪ Thomas Percy also now joined.\n\nHe wa s the brother-in-law of John and Christopher Wright\, but crucially\, he w as also a member of the King's Bodyguard.\n\nWith easy access to Westminst er\, he rented the cellar beneath the parliamentary complex\, where the gu npowder would be hidden.\n\nPreparations would take more than a year.\n\nM eetings of Parliament were postponed\, so the date slipped.\n\nPlans were carefully made for the Midlands part of the rebellion.\n\nFunds had to be raised.\n\n♪ That meant the network of conspirators grew.\n\nThese were cousins\, brothers\, friends.\n\nIt was a cell of mostly wealthy men hopin g for more power under a regime change.\n\nOn the 4th of November\, 1605\, the stage was finally set for attack.\n\n[Bell tolls] The following day\, the king was due to open parliament\, but underneath the parliament-- in the old building\, not this one-- Guy Fawkes was waiting with his 36 barre ls of gunpowder... ♪ but now the plotters' network had widened\, there w as a leak.\n\nAn anonymous letter had been sent to a Catholic peer\, warni ng him not to go to the opening of Parliament.\n\nThat letter was passed o n to the authorities.\n\n[Wind blowing] On the night of November the 4th\, with conspirators poised for rebellion around London and in the Midlands\ , Guy Fawkes waited for his big moment\, but the king had ordered two sear ches of the cellars beneath Parliament\, and in the early hours of the fif th... [Strike\, fuse sparking] [Cawing] Guy was discovered.\n\n♪ The mos t radical part of their plot had collapsed\, but some in the group believe d the rest of the uprising might still succeed.\n\n♪ Guy was brought to the Tower of London to be interrogated.\n\nThis was now a race against tim e.\n\nOn the one hand\, the authorities wanted to know who is this man\, w ho else might be involved\, what else might be planned?\n\nOn the other ha nd\, Guy Fawkes wanted to stall for as long as possible.\n\nIf this rebell ion was going to succeed\, then Catesby and the rest of them needed time t o rouse up their supporters.\n\n♪ Catesby had built a cell of men willin g to go to extremes.\n\n♪ He must have felt like their future now hinged on Guy's interrogation.\n\n♪ I want to know exactly how committed Guy w as to this plot.\n\nRecords from the time tell us what was said in the int errogation\, but a modern perspective might help me delve into Guy's state of mind under pressure... ♪ so I'm meeting a psychologist who works as a registered intermediary in police interviews and has designed an app to evaluate interview technique.\n\n♪ Laura\, this is the actual room where Guy Fawkes was questioned.\n\nYou spend a lot of your time in investigati ve interview situations\, don't you?\n\n-Yes\, I do.\n\n-Bit different to this.\n\nVery different.\n\nThis is a very grand room.\n\nI guess the idea was these are really grand surroundings.\n\nThis represents the majesty o f the king\, and you're just a little worm.\n\nYeah\, definitely.\n\nYou'r e meant to feel intimidated when you walk into an interrogation room.\n\nA nd how does Guy Fawkes stand up to the questioning?\n\nYeah.\n\nSo what th e app allows us to do is see when there are significant turning points in an interview or an interrogation\, so this here maps out the interrogation on the second day with Guy Fawkes.\n\nIn the early stages\, he's very hap py to answer questions about facts that are probably known.\n\nFor example \, \"Whether did you convey yet in barrels or otherwise?\"\n\nHow he carri ed the gunpowder\, and then he says in barrels\, so he's answering those q uestions.\n\nHe's given them that information\, but it's clear to everybod y it was in barrels because he was caught there.\n\nHe's merely confirming the details -that are already known... -Yeah.\n\nbut we do see a switch a s the interrogation goes on.\n\nWhat this app allows us to see is that he then closes down.\n\nHis responses drop down to the red.\n\nSo the first o ne is when they start demanding where he was in the nights leading up to t he actual plot.\n\nAnd they don't know that information.\n\nAnd they don't know that information.\n\nAnd what does he say?\n\nHe says he has forgott en.\n\nHe's forgotten?!\n\nAnd you can see it all the way through the inte rrogation.\n\nWhen they are asking him questions about facts they do not k now\, such as his location or the other conspirators\, he does not give th em any information.\n\nSo as the questions get more important\, as it were \, he's basically saying\, \"Up yours.\n\nI'm not telling you anything.\"\ n\nAbsolutely\, and he seems-- when you read through this interrogation\, he seems very much in control.\n\nHe's obviously an extremist\, and there are two main schools of thought around why they engage with that type of b ehavior.\n\nThe first one is that there are mental health problems\, they are delusional\, and they are going through with these acts in a chaotic s tate of mind.\n\nI don't necessarily see that in the interrogations with G uy Fawkes.\n\nHe actually appears to be quite the opposite\, which leads u s nicely on to the second school of thought that actually it's because the y are very controlled.\n\nThey have this duty\, and they won't stop at any thing to do it.\n\nand when Guy Fawkes is caught red-handed\, when he's in terrogated\, you can see that he remains that composed state.\n\nHe's not given erratic information.\n\nHe's actually been very controlled and very careful with what he is providing to the interrogators.\n\nI think he give s us a clue here into his source of strength because he says to the questi oners\, \"You would have me betray my friends.\"\n\n-Hmm.\n\n-\"My friends .\"\n\nHe's got friends.\n\nHe's part of something social.\n\nHe sees hims elf as part of a social group.\n\nIn his head\, you know\, he knows that h e's been caught\, but he's very much hoping that the plot will still go ah ead\, and so he's not giving away any information that will jeopardize tha t.\n\n♪ Worsley: It seems to me that Guy's belief in the plot was extrem ely deep... ♪ but I've come to the National Archives to examine the evid ence for what it might have taken to make him crack.\n\n♪ Now\, this com pletely astonishing document is in the king's own handwriting\, so it's a little window into his mind\, and it explains how the king wants the inter rogation done.\n\nHe says\, \"If Guy Fawkes won't confess\, then the gentl er tortures\"-- tortures-- \"are to be first used unto him.\"\n\nAnd then after that\, the king actually goes into Latin because what he's saying is so dark and serious.\n\nHe says\, \"et sic per gradus ad ima tenditur.\"\ n\nThat means the tortures are to be increased little by little until you get to the very worst.\n\n♪ Torture was technically illegal\, but the ki ng would sanction it to bring down the plotters.\n\nThis document is a rec ord of what Guy Fawkes said in his interrogation.\n\nThis is the 7th of No vember\, and at the end of the session\, they got him to sign his name\, s upposedly to show that it was an accurate reflection of his words\, but wh en we fast forward two days\, you can see he's finally cracked because at the end of this session where they've asked him to sign his name\, he can hardly write\, which suggests--and this is really brutally awful-- that du ring those two days he's been tortured so badly\, whether using the thumbs crews or the rack or whatever\, that he's lost the use of his hands.\n\n ♪ Despite all of his confidence and his ability to withstand interrogati on that he showed earlier on\, he's finally broken.\n\nBut the irony is Gu y's naming of his accomplices was irrelevant.\n\n[Groaning] ♪ While Guy was being questioned in the tower\, the authorities were already hunting f or known Catholics who had left London suddenly.\n\n♪ On the 5th of Nove mber\, hearing Guy Fawkes had been caught\, Catesby sped here to the Midla nds\, still determined he could start a rebellion... ♪ but in reality\, support was dwindling.\n\n♪ Within days\, the authorities had the plotte rs surrounded in a Catholic safe house in Staffordshire.\n\nI've got an ac count here by Thomas Wintour\, who was holed up in the house with them\, a nd it's brilliant because he takes us right into the drama of the situatio n.\n\nIt says here that Wintour asked them\, the others\, \"what they reso lved to do\,\" and they answered\, \"'We mean here to die.'\"\n\nWintour's confession gives us the detail of Catesby's last minutes.\n\nHe says he a nd Catesby were standing \"before the door they were to enter.\"\n\nThat's the authorities.\n\nThey're just about to burst in\, and Catesby said\, \ "'Stand by me\, Tom\, and we will die together.'\"\n\n♪ Catesby\, Thomas Percy\, and the two Wright brothers were shot and killed on the 8th of No vember.\n\nIt's hard not to feel emotional at the thought of these loyal f riends dying together.\n\nCatesby was willing to take a bullet\, a lethal bullet\, for his beliefs\, but don't forget\, he was very willing to kill other people for his beliefs\, as well.\n\nHe was willing to take the live s of hundreds\, if not thousands\, of people.\n\n♪ 4 men were dead\, but the surviving plotters would face the consequences of their actions.\n\ n♪ The trial of Guy Fawkes and the other remaining conspirators was held here in Westminster Hall on January the 27th\, 1606.\n\nThis is one of th e few parliamentary buildings that remain from the time.\n\nThis whole vas t hall was full of a crowd\, who'd paid to get in.\n\nThere was a real squ eeze on space.\n\nSome members of Parliament complained that they hadn't b een able to get decent seats.\n\nGuy Fawkes and the other conspirators wer e up on a little platform\, and there was even a rumor that the king himse lf was present\, hidden away\, secretly listening in.\n\n♪ This was a sh ow trial lasting just one day.\n\nIt was used to target the conspirators' priests\, suggesting they'd encouraged the plot.\n\n♪ Just a few days la ter\, Guy Fawkes and some of the other plotters were taken to the yard out side the Palace of Westminster\, and they were brutally executed.\n\n♪ I n 1605\, Guy Fawkes and the other conspirators were united by a very speci fic desire for change... ♪ but now Guy's face has been transformed into a broader symbol of protest and rebellion with little connection to the or iginal deadly plan.\n\n♪ The radical violence at the heart of the plot s eems forgotten\, yet I think it's the journey to extremism that's worth re membering.\n\nThe Gunpowder Plot happened at a time of deep divisions and high stakes.\n\nPeople had strong beliefs that sometimes led to extreme ac tions.\n\nTime gives us perspective and the space to start to understand t he motivations of both sides\, but perhaps we should be mindful about what and who we choose to celebrate.\n\n♪\n\n\n\n  \n\n DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250123 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;INTERVAL=1 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR