BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//InvisionCommunity Events 4.7.23//EN METHOD:PUBLISH CALSCALE:GREGORIAN REFRESH-INTERVAL:PT15M X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT15M X-WR-CALNAME:RMCommunityCalendar NAME:RMCommunityCalendar BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:Europe/London TZURL:http://tzurl.org/zoneinfo/Europe/London X-LIC-LOCATION:Europe/London BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:+0000 TZOFFSETTO:+0100 TZNAME:BST DTSTART:20250330T020000Z RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 TZOFFSETTO:+0000 TZNAME:GMT DTSTART:20251026T020000Z RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:13th Amendment proposed JUNETEENTH DTSTAMP:20250205T140112Z SEQUENCE:0 UID:185-7-c3fe8195a3dde498d013e477e2142422@aalbc.com ORGANIZER;CN="richardmurray":troy@aalbc.com DESCRIPTION:\n Two days later\, spurred partly in reaction to Sumner’s more radical proposal\, the Senate Judiciary Committee reported to the fu ll Senate an abolition amendment combining the drafts by Ashley\, Wilson\, and Henderson. \n\n\n\n TEXT FROM \n\n\n\n Harper's Weekly 02/27/1864\n \n  \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n CONGRESS.\n\nSenate.—February 10. Mr. Trumbull \, from the Judi-\nciary Committee\, reported adversely to the joint resol u-\ntion for amending the Constitution just proposed by Mr.\nSumner\, whic h reads\, “Every where within the limits of\nthe United States and each State and Territory thereof all\npersons are equal before the law\, so tha t no person can\nhold another as a slave.” Some time before Mr. Hender-\ nson\, of Missouri\, had offered a joint resolution to a similar\npurport. In lieu of this the Committee presented the fol-\nlowing joint resolution for amending the Constitution:\n“Article 13\, Section 1. Neither slave ry nor involuntary\nservitude\, except as a punishment for crime\, whereof the\nparty shall have been duly convicted\, shall exist within\nthe Unite d States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.\nSection 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this arti-\ncle by appropriate legislation.” This article\, if two-thirds\nof both Houses of Congress concur\, is to b e proposed to the\nLegislatures of the several States\, and when ratified by\nthree-fourths of these\, to be valid as a part of the Constitu-\ntion. —Mr. Clark offered a resolution ratifying the Presi-\ndent's Emancipatio n Proclamation of January 1\, 1863\, and\ngiving it the force of a statute : referred.—Mr. Brown of-\nfered amendments to the Enlistment bill\, con firming the\nEmancipation Proclamation\, abolishing slavery\, and sub-\nje cting colored persons to enrollment under the same ap-\nportionment as oth er citizens.—The Military Committee\nreported adversely to Mr. Grimes's bill reducing the sal-\naries of military officers not in the field or wit hout com-\nmand.—Mr. Sumner brought up the case of a colored sur-\ngeon of the army who had been ejected from a railroad car\nin the District\, an d offered a resolution directing the Com-\nmittee on the District to inqui re into the expediency of a\nlaw securing to colored persons equal privile ges with whites\nin the cars within the District. He said that this office r\,\nwho held a rank equal to that of Major\, had been ejected\nfrom a str eet car because he was black. We had better\nbreak up all these railroads if we could not have them\nwithout such outrages\, which did more to injur e our cause\nabroad and at home than the loss of a battle. Mr. Hen-\ndrick s thought the outrage was on the other side\; there\nwere cars for colored people\, and this person declined to\nride with people of his own color\, and wished to force him-\nself upon white people\; referring to remarks o f Senators\nthat it was no disgrace to ride with colored men\, and\nthat t he outrage was as great as though a Senator of the\nUnited States had been ejected\, he said that there seemed\nto be a determination to force socia l as well as political\nequality with the blacks upon the white race. The peo-\nple of his State would never adopt that sentiment. Mr.\nWilson rejoi ned that he had no wish to force negro equal-\nity upon the Senator from I ndiana\; he wished only to let\nevery man assume the station which God int ended him to\nattain: resolution passed\, 30 to 10.—The bill prohibiting \nMembers of Congress and Heads of Departments from re-\nceiving any compe nsation for acting as counsel\, etc.\, in\nany case in which the United St ates are concerned\, under\npenalty of fine\, imprisonment\, and disqualif ication for of-\nfice\, came up and was debated: the clause relating to\nM embers of Congress was stricken out\, 26 to 14: laid over.\n—The bill eq ualizing the pay of all soldiers was brought\nup\; debate arising upon the section giving colored soldiers\nequal pay with whites prior to the passa ge of the bill\, its\nconsideration was postponed.—February 11. Some bu si-\nness of minor importance was transacted.—The Post-office\nCommittee reported a bill removing disqualifications on\naccount of color in carryi ng the mail\, and also declaring\nthat no witness shall\, in the United St ates Courts\, be dis-\nqualified on account of color.—The Lieutenant-Gen eral bill\nfrom the House was brought up and discussed\, the point\nbeing the amendment against making that officer Com-\nmander-in-chief\, and stri king out the name of General\nGrant. Senators opposed to this amendment sa id that to\nbestow the title without the command would be but an\nempty ho nor conferred upon one who now had the homage\nof the people: postponed. —February 12. The Senate\nwas occupied with various business of no very general im-\nportance\, except that the House bill making appropria-\ntio n to meet deficiencies is amended by authorizing the\nappointment for a li mited period of one thousand addition-\nal clerks\, who may be females\, a t a salary not exceeding\n$600 a year.—February 13. The Secretary of Wa r sent\nin a communication relative to military officers' commu-\ntations for quarters and fuel\; there were 387 officers draw-\ning such commutatio ns\, of whom 27 were generals\, 52 col-\nonels and lieutenant-colonels\, t he remainder being of low-\ner ranks\, 79 being paymasters.—A memorial f rom the Mil-\nwaukee Chamber of Commerce was presented and referred\,\nask ing for a wagon-road through Central Minnesota to\nIdaho\; it stated that within a few months $25\,000\,000\nhad been mined\, which was now waiting egress through\nsuch a road with proper military protection.—The bill fo r\nregulating the pay of colored soldiers was brought up and\ndiscussed\, the principal objection to it being its retrospect-\nive feature\; upon mo tion of Mr. Wilson it was amended\nso as to give them the same pay as othe rs from January\n1\, 1864\, instead of for the whole time they have been i n\nservice\; Mr. Cowan then moved\, as a substitute for the\nbill\, that f rom the date of the passage of this Act all sol-\ndiers of the United Stat es of the same arm of the service\nshould receive like compensation\; he s aid that the negro\nhad a legal status under the Constitution which protec ted\nhim\, and that\, as he received the protection of the laws\,\nhe must be regarded as a citizen under the Constitution.\nMr. Saulsbury said that if this was the basis of Mr. Cow-\nan's substitute he should oppose it\; the old-fashioned term\nwas “negro\,” now these people were “colored citizens.”\nPending action on Mr. Cowan's substitute the Senate ad-\njo urned to Monday\, February 15.—February 15. Mr.\nFoster introduced a bi ll defining the position and duties\nof chaplains in the army\; it gives t hem the rank of major\nof infantry\, allows them to hold pastoral charges\ , requires\nthem to preach twice a week\, hold religious meetings twice\na week\, and keep the libraries for the use of the soldiers.—\nThe Enroll ment bill\, as amended by the House\, was taken\nup and considered\; the S enate refused to recede from its\nprovisions.—The Deficiency bill from t he House was pass-\ned\, with an amendment increasing the salaries of the As-\nsistant Secretaries of the Departments and Post-office to\n$3500 afte r the present fiscal year.—February 16. Bills\ngranting lands for certa in military roads in Oregon were\npassed.—Bill extending the statute of limitations in cases\nwhere the execution of the laws has been interrupted in\nconsequence of the rebellion was introduced.—Mr. Doolit-\ntle intro duced a bill regulating trade with Indian tribes\;\nit prohibits\, under p enalty of fine\, imprisonment\, and for-\nfeiture\, the sale of spirits to Indians.—Mr. Lane\, of Kan-\nsas\, spoke at length in favor of the bill setting apart a por-\ntion of Texas for the use of persons of African des cent.—\nMr. Cowan's amendment to the Enlistment bill came up\,\ngiving e qual pay\, etc.\, to all soldiers. Mr. Davis pro-\nposed an amendment to t he effect that colored troops\nshould be disbanded\, and colored men be em ployed in the\narmy only as laborers and teamsters\; that for slaves so\ne mployed loyal masters should be compensated\; and if he\ndied in service t he master should receive the full value\nfor him. Mr. Davis spoke at lengt h in support of his\namendment.—A message was received from the House\na nnouncing its adherence to its amendments of the En-\nrollment bill\, and asking a Committee of Conference.\nThe Senate resolved to adhere to its am endments\, and\nauthorized the Chair to appoint a Committee of Confer-\nen ce.\n\nHouse.—February 10. Mr. Eliot\, from the Select Com-\nmittee\, r eported a bill to establish a Bureau of Freedman's\nAffairs\, to determine all questions relating to persons of\nAfrican descent\, and make regulati ons for their employ-\nment and proper treatment on abandoned plantations. \nMr. Clay\, of Kentucky\, wished to know whether his State\nwas to be inc luded in the operations of the bill\, and\nwhether plantations there were to be considered as aban-\ndoned: he himself owned a plantation which had been aban-\ndoned because Government did not protect it. Mr. Eliot\nreplie d that the bill did not propose to establish colonies\nin Kentucky\; that in the case of plantations there\, wheth-\ner they were to be considered a s abandoned would depend\nupon whether the owners were loyal or disloyal\; that in\nthe case of Mr. Clay\, a well-known loyal man\, his planta-\ntio n certainly would not be considered abandoned.—The\nSenate amendments to the Internal Revenue bill were re-\nferred to the Committee on Ways and M eans.—The En-\nrollment bill was taken up\, and sundry amendments were\n proposed and rejected. Mr. Stevens offered an amend-\nment enrolling all p ersons of African descent of military\nage\; and when a slave is drafted $ 300 shall be paid to his\nowner\, and the slave be freed. Debate ensued\, mainly\nbetween members from the Border States: the main points\nbeing\, o n the one side\, that slaves were property\, and\ncould not be taken for p ublic purposes without compensa-\ntion\; and\, upon the other\, that they were persons\, and so\nowed military service: postponed.—February 11. A fter\nsome routine business a Select Committee was voted\, to in-\nquire i nto the expediency of increasing the facilities for the\ntransportation of troops between New York and Washing-\nton.—The Enrollment bill then cam e up. Mr. Stevens\, at\nthe request of Mr. Davis\, withdrew the $300 featu re from\nhis amendment offered yesterday\, and Mr. Davis offered\nanother amendment\, appointing a commission to pay to\nloyal masters a sum not exc eeding $300 for slaves volun-\nteering in the army. Mr. Webster offered an amendment\nproviding that the bounty of $100 now paid to drafted men\nsha ll be paid to any person to whom the person drafted\nmay owe service or la bor at the time of his muster into\nservice\, upon his freeing the person. These amendments\nwere agreed to\, after a long and somewhat desultory de -\nbate. In the course of this Mr. Davis said that he moved\nhis amendment \, not because he believed that compensa-\ntion was due to the master\, bu t on account of the measures\nwhich Government had already taken. He belie ved that\nGovernment ought to take slaves for military purposes\,\nbecause they owed military service. Mr. Anderson\, of\nKentucky\, thought the ame ndment did not go far enough.\nIn his own district a large majority of the young men had\nentered the rebel service\, and at the next draft the dist rict\nwould owe 7000 men\; unless the slaves of disloyal men\nwere taken\, those who had induced enlistments in the reb-\nel service would enjoy the ir property in peace\, and the\nloyal white population must make up the de ficiency\; he\nwould put the slaves of disloyal men in the army\, but\nwou ld not appropriate the slaves of loyal men. Mr. Web-\nster\, of Maryland\, said that slaves were both persons and\nproperty. We needed colored men t o aid in putting down\nthe rebellion\; any black man\, having been a soldi er\, must\nbe free\; he would give freedom to the slave\, and com-\npensat ion to the master. Mr. Harris\, of Maryland\, denied\nthe right of Governm ent to enlist or enroll a slave\; if\ntaken\, it could only be as property \, and compensation must\nbe made\; he was opposed to employing negro troo ps\; it\nwould be a degradation to intrust our flag to negro hands.\nMr. K asson rejoined that the employment of negro soldiers\nwas no new thing\; t he pension-rolls showed the names of\nblack men by the side of whites\; th e statutes of the State\nof Virginia provided for the emancipation of slav es who\nfought in the War of the Revolution. Mr. Kelley said\nthat we did not give compensation to the Northern father\nfor his son\, the wife for h er husband\, the children for the\nfather taken from them by the conscript ion\; the relation\nbetween slaveholder and slave was not more sacred than \nthese. Slaves were persons\, and as such owed military\nservice to the c ountry\; they were never referred to as\nproperty in the Constitution\; he was\, however\, ready to\nappropriate money to pay for slaves of loyal ma sters\, who\nshould consent to their volunteering. Other members\nspoke\, on both sides\, in the same general strain. Toward\nthe close of the debat e Mr. Fernando Wood said that while\nwe were here proposing measures oppre ssive and destruc-\ntive\, and clearly in violation of the Constitution\, the Con-\nfederates were proposing to discuss measures of peace\, re-\nuni on\, and reconciliation. Quoting from the Richmond\nExaminer\, he said tha t resolutions were before the Con-\nfederate Congress proposing that the C onfederate States\nask the United States to appoint delegates\, to conside r (1.)\nWhether they can not agree to the recognition of the Con-\nfederac y\; (2.) Whether\, in this event\, they can not agree\nupon a new Governme nt\; (3.) If this can not be done\,\nwhether they can not agree upon treat ies offensive\, defens-\nive\, and commercial\; if these resolutions passe d\, the\nPresident of the Confederacy was to be requested to com-\nmunicat e them to the Government at Washington\, and\,\nif the proposition was acc epted\, to issue a proclamation for\nthe election of delegates to meet tho se appointed by the\nUnited States. Mr. Cox said that the proposition befo re\nthe Congress at Richmond looked to peace on the basis of\nthe old Unio n. He proposed that commissioners should\nbe sent to Richmond\; if Mr. Woo d was sent\, and if he did\nnot come back within sixty days with a negotia tion of\npeace\, based on the old Union\, with equality and sover-\neignty of the States\, he would pledge that gentleman and\nhis friends as earnes t supporters of the prosecution of the\nwar. After various other propositi ons had been disposed\nof\, Mr. Schenck offered a substitute for the bill\ , embracing\nthe whole as it had been finally agreed upon.—Febru-\nary  12. The Enrollment bill came up\, and debate having\nbeen shut off by call ing the previous question\, and sundry\npropositions for adjournment and d elay having been re-\njected\, it was pressed to a vote. The main amendmen t\,\nproviding for the enrollment of all persons of African de-\nscent of military age\, paying the $100 bounty to the loy-\nal person to whom any d rafted person may owe service or\nlabor\, upon his freeing the drafted per son\, and appointing\na commission to award a compensation not exceeding $ 300\nto any loyal person to whom a colored volunteer may owe\nservice\, wa s agreed to by 84 to 67. Mr. Schenck's substi-\ntute\, embracing the entir e bill as finally amended\, was\nthen taken up and voted upon: it passed b y 93 to 60.\nThe bill which thus passed the House embraces a great\nnumber of provisions\, of which the following are the most\nessential: (§ 1.) T he President may call out such number\nof men as the public exigencies may require: (§ 2.) The\nquota of each district to be as nearly as possible in propor-\ntion to the number of persons in it subject to draft\, taking\ ninto account the number already furnished to the naval\nand military serv ice\; (§ 3.) If the quota of any State is not\nduly filled\, drafts for a ny deficient district shall be order-\ned until the deficiency shall be su pplied\; (§ 4.) Any en-\nrolled person may furnish a substitute\; and if this substi-\ntute is not liable to draft or in the service\, the principa l\nwill be exempt during the time for which the substitute\nwould be exemp t\, but no one in military or naval service\nshall be accepted as a substi tute\; (§ 5.) All persons liable\nto draft shall be enrolled\; this compr ises in effect all able-\nbodied males below the age of 45\, including ali ens who\nhave declared their intentions of becoming citizens\, and\nall wh o\, without having been in service two years during\nthe present war\, sha ll have been discharged\; (§ 6.) Any\nperson drafted may furnish a substi tute at any time before\nthe time fixed for his appearance at rendezvous\; if the\nsubstitute is not liable to draft\, the principal is exempt\nduri ng the time of such non-liability\, not exceeding the\ntime for which the draft was made\; if the substitute is li-\nable to draft\, the principal i s liable to future drafts\; any\nperson paying money for commutation is ex empted only\nfrom the special quota\; and in no case shall such exemp-\nti on extend beyond one year\, at the end of which his name\nmust be placed i n enrollment\; (§ 7.) Members of religious\ndenominations whose rules pro hibit the bearing of arms\nshall\, when drafted\, be considered non-combat ants\, and\nbe assigned to duty in hospitals\, or to the care of freed-\nm en\, or shall pay $300\, the money to be applied to the\nbenefit of sick o r wounded soldiers\; but no person shall be\nentitled to the benefit of th is provision unless he shows\nthat his conduct has been uniformly consiste nt with his\nprofessed principles\; (§ 8.) No person of foreign birth who \nhas voted or held office is exempt from draft on the ground\nof alienage \; (§ 9.) Mariners or able seamen who may be\ndrafted may\, upon enlistin g in the navy\, be exempt from\ndraft\, under conditions which are prescri bed\; but the\nnumber of these transfer enlistments shall not exceed ten\n thousand\; (§ 10\, 11\, 12.) Make provisions for carrying out\nthe preced ing section\, the principal of which is that such\ntransfer drafts shall b e credited to the quota of the district\,\nas though the person had been a ctually placed in the army\;\nand that no pilot\, engineer\, master-at-arm s\, master\, en-\nsign\, or master's mate\, having an appointment and duly \nacting as such in the naval service\, shall be liable to draft\nwhile ho lding such appointment\; (§ 13.) Declares the only\nexemptions to be thos e who are physically\, mentally\, or\nmorally unfit for service\; those wh o at the time of draft\nshall actually be in military or naval service\; a nd those\nwho\, having been for two years in service\, shall have been\nho norably discharged\; (§ 14.) Repeals the clause in the\nexisting Enrollme nt bill making two classes\, the first con-\nsisting of unmarried persons and those married below the\nage of 35\, the second class embracing all ot hers\; all per-\nsons liable to draft are thus consolidated into one class \,\nand are equally liable to military duty\; (§ 15-25.) Provide\nfor the execution of the law\, and impose heavy penalties\nfor all fraudulent att empts at their violation or evasion on\nthe part of persons liable to enro llment\, or of any officers\ncharged with carrying them into effect\; (§ 26) Enacts that\nall able-bodied male persons of African descent\, between \nthe ages of 20 and 45\, resident in the United States\, wheth-\ner citiz ens or not\, shall be enrolled\; that when the slave\nof a loyal master is drafted and mustered into service\, the\nmaster shall have a certificate thereof\, and the bounty of\n$100 shall be paid to any person to whom the recruit\, at\nthe time of his being mustered into service\, owes service\n or labor\, on his freeing the recruit\; that the Secretary of\nWar shall a ppoint a commission in each Slave State rep-\nresented in Congress\, who s hall award to any loyal person\nto whom the colored volunteer owes service a sum not ex-\nceeding $300\, payable out of commutation money\, upon\nth e master freeing the slave\; and that in all cases where\nslaves have been enlisted the provision as to bounty and\ncompensation shall be the same a s in the case of those to\nbe enlisted\; (§ 27.) Repeals all sections of the existing En-\nrollment act which are inconsistent with this.—The Hou se\nthen adjourned to Monday\, February 15.—February\n15. Several bills were introduced and reported from Com-\nmittees. The principal of these ar e to the following pur-\nport: Extending the time for withdrawing goods fr om pub-\nlic stores and warehouses\; Granting lands to the Pacific\nRailro ad and Telegraph Company\; For a uniform system\nof bankruptcy\; Establish ing a branch mint in Idaho Ter-\nritory\; For constructing a ship canal ar ound Niagara\nFalls.—Mr. Windom offered a joint resolution proposing\nto amend the Constitution so as to prohibit slavery in the\nUnited States an d Territories: referred.—The Judiciary\nCommittee were directed to inqui re into the expediency\nof establishing an Executive Department\, to be ca lled that\nof the Revenue\, to have charge of the Customs\, Internal\nReve nue\, and Currency.—Mr. Arnold offered a resolution\ndeclaring that “T he Constitution of the United States\nshould be so amended as to abolish s lavery in the United\nStates wherever it now exists\, and to prohibit its extension\nin every part thereof forever.” A motion to lay on the\ntable was rejected\, 79 to 58\, and the resolution passed\, 78\nto 62.—Mr. St evens\, from the Committee on Ways and\nMeans\, reported back the Senate's amendments to the In-\nternal Revenue bill. The bill of the Senate\, he s aid\, was\npreferable to what had been agreed to in the House as to\nthe t ax on spirits\, and the date of its going into effect.\nThe Committee were of opinion that all taxes should be\nprospective\; manufacturers had rece ived a virtual pledge\nto this effect. As a revenue measure also the Senat e bill\nwas preferable. The amount of spirits on hand which the\nHouse pro posed to tax did not amount to more than\n10\,000\,000 gallons\, upon whic h the tax would be $4\,000\,000\;\nbut practically not more than half of t his would be taxed.\nThe Senate bill would after the 1st of January yield\ n$14\,000\,000 or $15\,000\,000. Mr. Fernando Wood said that\nthe tax on s pirits on hand would yield $10\,000\,000. He\nhimself knew three men who h ad on hand nearly 5\,000\,000\ngallons.—Mr. Davis\, from Select Committe e on Insurrec-\ntionary States\, reported a bill giving to certain States\ nwhose Governments have been usurped or overthrown a\nrepublican form of g overnment.—February 16. After\nroutine business the question of recepti on and reference of\nthe credentials of Mr. Johnson\, who appeared as Repr esent-\native from Arkansas\, was taken up. A discussion ensued\,\nwhich e licited the fact that there was a wide difference\nin the views of Republi can members upon the question\nwhether there was really any State of Arkan sas now ex-\nisting and entitled to be represented in Congress. Finally\nt he whole subject was referred to the Committee on Elec-\ntions.—The Reve nue bill was brought up with the amend-\nments of the Senate. That imposin g a duty of 70 cents\nupon all distilled or removed from July 1 to January 1\,\nand 80 cents thereafter was disagreed with\, 105 to 41\;\nthat strik ing out tax on all spirits now on hand was agreed\nwith\, 77 to 73\; and t hat striking out the additional tax\nof 20 cents on adulterated spirits\, sold as rum\, brandy\, etc.\,\nwas agreed to.\n\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n  \n\n\ n\n Juneteenth Occurred [ 13th Amendment Certified JUNETEENTH - RMCommuni tyCalendar - African American Literature Book Club ]\n\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n Before the proposal by Henderson was legislated\, Sumner of massachusett's tried to propose the following\n\n\n\n All persons are equal before the l aw\, so that no person can hold another as a slave\; and the Congress shal l have power to make all laws necessary and proper to carry this declarati on into effect everywhere in the United States.\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n from \ n\n\n\n Although opposition to slavery was associated with the Republican Party\, a faction of War Democrats not only supported wartime emancipation policies but also became favorable to a constitutional amendment abolishi ng the institution.  On January 11\, 1864\, Senator John Henderson of Mis souri\, a War Democrat\, submitted a joint resolution for a constitution al amendment abolishing slavery.  The Senate Judiciary Committee\, headed by Illinois Republican Lyman Trumbull\, began considering the various ver sions of the abolition amendment.  On February 8\, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts\, a leading Radical Republican\, submitted a constitutio nal amendment to not only abolish slavery but also guarantee equality unde r the law.  Two days later\, spurred partly in reaction to Sumner’s mor e radical proposal\, the Senate Judiciary Committee reported to the full S enate an abolition amendment combining the drafts by Ashley\, Wilson\, a nd Henderson. \n\n\n\n https://13thamendment.harpweek.com/hubpages/Commen taryPage.asp?Commentary=05ProposalPassage\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n Continue on site\n\n\n\n https://books.g oogle.com/books?id=Yx0zAQAAIAAJ&\;pg=PA582#v=onepage&\;q&\;f=fals e\n\n DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250210 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;INTERVAL=1 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR