The Teachings of Ptahhotep: The Oldest Book in the World
Edited by Asa G. Hilliard III, Larry Williams, and Nia Damali

THE WISDOM OF THE EAST

THE INSTRUCTION
OF PTAH-HOTEP AND
THE INSTRUCTION OF
KE’GEMNI: THE OLDEST
BOOKS IN THE WORLD.

TRANSLATED FROM THE EGYPTIAN
WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND APPENDIX

BY BATTISCOMBE G. GUNN