The Ruins, Or, Meditation On The Revolutions Of Empires: And The Law Of Nature
by C. F. Volney

“The Ruins, Or, Meditation On The Revolutions Of Empires: And The Law Of Nature” is a philosophical treatise composed in the late 18th century that delves into themes of society, morality, and the cyclic nature of empires and civilizations, using historical reflections. Originally published in French as “Les Ruines” in 1791, it became one of Volney’s most influential works.

The book is a reflection on the rise and fall of empires throughout history and an exploration of the underlying principles of nature that govern their cycles. Volney draws on his extensive travels throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East to provide a detailed analysis of the ruins of ancient civilizations.

Volney’s best known work deals with the origins of human society, of government and laws, the evolution of society, and the reasons for the decline and fall of empires. The work is structured around the author’s contemplation of ancient ruins, which serves as a springboard for broader philosophical discussions about human nature, religion, and political systems.

The book gained significant influence in America, where Thomas Jefferson liked the book so much he anonymously translated it into English. Jefferson believed the book’s central premise—Empires Rise If Government Allows Enlightened Self-Interest to Flourish—aligned with his own political philosophy.

The work is notable for its Enlightenment rationalism, its critique of organized religion, and its cyclical view of history. It combines historical analysis with moral philosophy, arguing that natural laws govern both individual behavior and the fate of civilizations. The book was controversial for its time due to its religious skepticism and materialist philosophy, but it became widely read and influential among intellectuals of the era.