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Addison

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  1. Contrary to popular believe, the Holy Bible did not sanction slavery, nor contained any elements of slavery as was practiced in the Transatlantic slave trade, where a master has property ownership in another human being. The word slave as implemented according to the slave institutions in America was identified as meaning the white slave master had property ownership in the black slave. The slave was divested of all human and civil rights. The patriarchs of the Old Testament were Hebrew and conducted their lives according to Hebrew law of divine guidance and righteousness and customs as written in primary sources of the Holy Scripture such as the Hebrew Israelite Scripture and the King James version of 1611. The term servant is used in these scriptures and has no connection to the word slave. To begin with, the master and servant relationship consisted of a servant who voluntarily entered into an agreement for which he was compensated and it was a common practice that the servant was paid in advance . If the servant did not complete his term of service he was to redeem or pay the money back. Leviticus: 25:51-52 . During the time of Moses there were two types of servants, a hired servant and a non-hired servant. Leviticus 25:53 . This chapter not only verifies compensation for a hired servant but sends a clear warning for mistreatment. In the Hebrew holy year of Jubilee if the servant has not completed his service and was advanced payment he and his family are to be released from the agreement with no obligation. Leviticus 25: 54 . The almighty God makes it plain that the master servant relationship was based on voluntary servitude and were servants. in Leviticus 25:55. It is a well known fact that the slave holding institutions in America thrived on physical cruelty and the mistreatment of slaves. Under the Mosaic Law there are stiff penalties for abuse. Exodus 21:20 . Unfortunately there are many misconceptions stating that the Bible sanctioned slavery. However as I have just proved with support from primary biblical sources these claims are false with no biblical support.
  2. I find it interesting yet somewhat annoying that there are many people including clergy who stumble over this question or subscribe to the false notion that God sanctioned slavery. When God released the children of Israel from Egyptian captivity they were a free nation, with their own laws and customs. After being held in bondage ,It is ridiculous to think that the almighty would ordain laws allowing the Hebrews to oppress other nations as they were. What Moses regulated to his people was a system of servitude based on justice not chattel slavery. Chattel slavery as applied in the Transatlantic Slave trade granted the rights of property ownership in human beings. The Mosaic code in the old testament lays out a a detailed explanation of the rights of a servant containing agreements and provisions. Not one element of slavery is in Mosaic law. Yet unscrupulous clergy in the past and even today corrupt the holy scripture to justify the exploitation of the Black race.
  3. In the book of Leviticus chapter twenty verse 6, God commands the children of Israel not to go after familiar spirits. The Hebrew definition of a familiar spirit is a wizard, a one who practices sorcery. One of the spells that a familiar spirit cast is to mix truth with falsehood. African slaves who were brought to America, the Caribbean and their descendants have been victims of familiar spirits. The “Slave Bible”, was a familiar spirit manifested in the physical form. A sinister plot was put into motion by the publishers of the ‘”Slave Bible” to carefully remove certain chapters from the bible while others remained, thus giving the illusion that the “Slave Bible” was ordained by God. The reasons for producing the Slave Bible are as follows: a) To strip the slave of divine knowledge of being created in God’s image and claiming the rights of a holy relationship with God. b) To conceal the true identity of the salve master and familiar spirits (wizards). c) To promote idolatry by stressing the false requirement of loyalty to the slave master. d) Psychological manipulation to accept blasphemy. In other words slaves were mis-lead to believe that the natural order of God’s creation was to make the Africans in America and the Caribbean’s slaves. Attempts to escape from bondage or rebel would be going against God’s commandments. By. Herbert Addison Burns www.onlineafricanamericanhistory.weebly.com
  4. What the general public is unaware of and needs to come to terms with is that there is no room for information which cannot be proven in the world of historical research. History is a science. And for those who conduct historical research seriously and treat it as a science, gather historical documents, news articles, journals, court cases, diaries, letters, and reference sources all of which their conclusions are based. It is this method which I used for determining the character of Christopher Columbus and charging him with crimes against the Indian people of the West Indies. This article is the product of records which will clearly point out, that from the very beginning Columbus purpose was not mere exploration or trade, but conquest and exploitation of the Indian tribes of the West Indies. African American students who are studying this article will be informed that the Indian people who Columbus oppressed, had physical features very similar if not identical to theirs. This enlightening piece of information grants the student a personal connection to this article and gives sound reasons for not glorifying Columbus. The following statements are from Columbus journal October 13 1492 with him giving his description the Arawak Indians who inhabited most of the islands in the Caribbean and what his vile intentions were. “Their hair is coarse almost like the hair of a horse’s tail and short. Their eyes are large and very beautiful. They are not black, but the color of the inhabitants of Canaries. The word Canary was a code word communicated among authorities of the Spanish empire. The word Canary was defined as the extermination of the native people of those islands. Later as we shall see the definition of Canary materialized in the violent actions of Columbus. He later went on say .” I showed them some pieces of gold which I have; I cannot not fail with the aid of our Lord to find the place where it comes.” Michele de Cuneo wrote about accompanying Columbus on his 1494 expedition into the interior of Haiti: “ After we had rested for several days in our settlement, it seemed to the Lord Admiral that it was time to put his desire to search for gold, which was the main reason he had started on so a great voyage full of so many dangers.” At dawn the next day Columbus sailed to probably what is known today as the Bahamas Island. He ended his description with these sinister words, “I would conquer the whole of them with fifty men and govern them as I pleased.” Columbus onslaught of the natives of the Caribbean Islands was also reinforced by the Spanish monarchy. There was an urgent need for slaves for mining and agriculture to sustain the colony. Slave labor supplied the Spanish crown with revenues which had a devastating affect among St. Croix and the Virgin Islands. Columbus had obtained two concessions from the Spanish monarchs, one which he would later regret was to allow criminals to be released from prisons to go to the colonies. A Spanish slave system was now put in place which would dominate the Caribbean Islands for centuries. The Repartimientos, a system for granting allotments of land and the Island natives to Spanish settlers. By 1505 the need for slave labor had become such a natural dependence, that slave raiding the Bahamas had become a profession and the first Negro slaves by and large were brought not from Africa but from the population already in Spain and in the Atlantic sugar islands brining important skills with them. Keep in mind that Columbus acted independently to exploit the native population without the instruction of the Spanish administration. The following are statements from Columbus letter of March 1493. “ On the thirty-third day after I departed from the Canary Islands;(code word meaning prime for extermination), I came to the Indian sea, where I found islands inhabited by men without number, of all which I took possession for our most fortunate king, with proclaiming heralds and flying standards , no one objecting. Yet I especially took possession of a certain, large town in a very convenient location, and adapted to all kinds of gain and commerce, to which we give the name of Lord of the Nativity.” Without any regard for the natives Columbus constructed a fort confining the natives,(a prison) and a military force for defense in the event the natives would rebel. “ And should wish to hurt those who remain in the fort, they would not be able, because they lack weapons, they go naked and are too cowardly. For that reason those who said fort are least able to resist easily this whole island, without any imminent danger to themselves, so long as they do not transgress the regulations and command we gave.” Students should ask themselves what would be the purpose for Columbus with placing the inhabitants of the Caribbean Islands in lock up? A group of people who were non- threating and never imposed any danger to Columbus or his naval forces. According to the historian James W. Loewen, on Haiti the Indians were forced to mine gold for the Spanish settlers. Another stomach-turning aspect of the slave trade was sexual. Columbus was rewarding his lieutenants with women to rape. For Spaniards sex slaves came in abundance in the form of gifts. Moral crimes of rape, forced slavery, prison confinement, and theft all add up to the undeniable fact that Christopher Columbus was a notorious criminal. After reading this article students should come to terms that Columbus is not a national hero, nor a role model. Cherishing Columbus is a characteristic of myth not reality. Worst of all Columbus left a legacy of genocide and a history of bloody horrors. By: Herbert Addison Burns Reference Sources: 1.Christopher Columbus and the Enterprise of the indies: by Geoffrey Symcox and Blair Sullivan 2. Conquest of Eden 1493-1515: by Michael Paiewonsky 3. Lies My Teacher Told Me: James W. Loewen 4. The Journal of Christopher Columbus: Translated by Cecil Jane www.onlineafricanamericanhistory.weebly.com
  5. Who would ever think that people in Lake Tahoe and California would be devastated by the raging fires that seem to be unstoppable? It is reported that at least 15,000 fire fighters are working day and night to extinguish the deadly Caldor fire. There is no question that these brave fire fighters must have gas mask to protect themselves from smoke inhalation. But how many people know including these fire fighters that a Black inventor invented the gas mask which operates according to the same principles as the gas mask use today. This inventor's name is Garrett Morgan. He invented the gas mask during his day it was known as a smoke helmet to fight fires. The purpose of the helmet was to allow the wearer to enter a room filled with noxious gas, fumes, or smoke for the purpose of saving human life and property. And this is the same purpose of gas mask use today by fire fighters. Today’s gas mask is known as an air-purifying respirator which is standard equipment used around the globe. So the similarities between today's gas mask and Morgan's smoke helmet match. Morgan discovered that no matter how dense an environment is pure air is always located near the floor or ground. Given this fact, Morgan’s gas mask was engineered to access pure air from the ground or floor. The ability to breathe pure air in a noxious gas environment whether through accessibility or purification the goals are exact. Not to mention the saving of human lives. The gas mask is the largest prevention of deaths when attempting to extinguish a fire. Some 50–80% of fire deaths are the result of smoke inhalation injuries, including burns to the respiratory system. It is safe to say that Morgan's smoke helmet which fire stations have modeled the principles of its operation, is responsible for saving thousands of lives. With the raging fires in Nevada and California I haven’t heard of any report extending credit for Garrett Morgan’s gas mask. The safety and welfare of our society humbling given through a safety device by a Black inventor has been repeatedly ignored. This lack of consideration is a reflection of the past. Garrett Morgan was directly involved with saving lives of underground workers after an underground explosion in Cleveland, Ohio. The mayor at that time at an awards ceremony did not even recognize Morgan for his outstanding achievement of bravery along with major newspapers. The lesson to be learned is that we should always give reverence to those who are in some way instrumental with the saving of human lives. If not, this heartless action adds doubt to our humanity. By Herbert Addison Burns Reference Sources Citizen Advocate, “A Great Hero Rewarded”, 1916 NY Times, ”To Save Lake Tahoe, They Spared No Expense” 2021
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