Overview

Critmas is a challenge where artist critique other artist. I am a team leader this year, I hope I helped. https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/Critmas-2025-1280187340 THE FOLLOWING IS A RAW COPY FROM THE URL ABOVE Critmas 2025 done for Critmas 2025 organized by @BeckyKidus of @CRLiterature https://www.deviantart.com/beckykidus/journal/Critmas-2025-Briefing-and-kickoff-1279368822 Critmas teams https://www.deviantart.com/beckykidus/journal/Critmas-2025-The-Teams-1279091695 Critmas galleries https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1270451437/5252055832 Critiques I made to others Critique my own team + Abecedarius letter M + Scavenger hunt : Stars https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/298541115/5255491459 Critique my own team + Abecedarius letter B + Scavenger hunt : Present https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/867978483/5255495328 Critique my own team + Abecedarius letter Z + Scavenger hunt : Fire https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1069156158/5255499076 Critique my own team + Abecedarius letter H https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/560512559/5255523158 Critique my own team + Abecedarius letter G + Scavenger hunt : Secret https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1043499852/5255547063 All in CIA team are finished outside self Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/742657828/5255562759 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/872557968/5255565737 Critique another team + Scavenger hunt : Sunglasses https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1078426439/5255568189 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1264628930/5255574259 Critique another team + Abecedarius letter S https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1220863795/5255576764 Critique another team + Abecedarius letter T https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1113798882/5255582181 Did all of NSA team Critique another team + Abecedarius letter C https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/632578248/5255586793 Did 12 critiques Critique another team + Abecedarius letter A https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/864945646/5255589034 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/969398955/5255590484 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1200635811/5255595540 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1275185019/5255600879 Critique another team https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1243609650/5255603191 Did all of FBI team Abecedarius letter D https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/662909989/5255605394 Abecedarius letter E https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/967618985/5255605861 Abecedarius letter F https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/718856426/5255607826 Abecedarius letter I https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1095257376/5255610023 Abecedarius letter J https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1080897669/5255611357 Abecedarius letter K https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/374361199/5255613795 Abecedarius letter L https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/708674589/5255735569 Abecedarius letter N https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/945801319/5255737411 Did 25 critiques Abecedarius letter O https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/918549346/5255739283 Abecedarius letter P https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/109961340/5255740869 Abecedarius letter Q https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/831091519/5255742190 Abecedarius letter R https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/770496711/5255745566 Abecedarius letter U https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/47694199/5255747216 Abecedarius letter V https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/125070764/5255748744 Abecedarius letter W https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1242287357/5255750532 Abecedarius letter X https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1111966821/5255753143 Abecedarius letter Y https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1104253748/5255755660 Did all of Abecedarius Scavenger hunt : Briefcase https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/415086489/5255768211 Did all the Scavenger hunts - briefcase took a minute to find one that spoke to me CRITIQUES CONTINUED? Folders of deviation I critmased 2025 https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/favourites/104233040/critmas-2025 Critiques Given To Me During Critmas 2025 If any critmas'd me that I didn't acknowledge , I apologize, please tell me so I can correct from @BrightWatcher37 https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1008259482/5255514042 for https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/December-Secret-Santa-2023-for-melmuff-1008259482 from @the-stuepp https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1255339028/5255657160 for https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/THE-PROMOTION-1255339028 T Literature THE PROMOTION TITLE: THE PROMOTION An officer sit in his office Notes To Me General Process ? Critique list from others ? Critmas 2024 https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/Critmas-2024-1144042031 if you like my activities and want to support me, tis the season https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/tier/Tip-Jar-to-HDdeviant-9027700

Winter Wonderland selection 12/19/2025 CITATION https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1268663599/5254103765 CONTENT The Master of Winter Crafts from @tashashu https://www.deviantart.com/tashashu/art/The-Master-of-Winter-Crafts-197692315 It is functional. Leather made from tanning is durable, and the scene is of the " Master of Winter Crafts" about a small village. Pretty. She has a gallery of leatherworks https://www.deviantart.com/tashashu/gallery/26858165/leather-bags-with-felt-print

Winter Wonderland selection 12/18/2025 CITATION https://www.deviantart.com/comments/1/1268663599/5253851923 CONTENT The Snow Queen from @dmorehead https://www.deviantart.com/dmorehead/art/The-Snow-Queen-1270331944 The Snow Queen is from Hans Christian Anderson. It is beloved being made into many films. But this interpretation is very rare. Made out of a book itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Snow_Queen Film Variations The Snow Queen (1957), a Soviet animated film by film studio Soyuzmultfilm and directed by Lev Atamanov, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aCmyYsUuJ8 The Snow Queen (1967), a live-action adaptation from the Soviet Union, directed by Gennadi Kazansky. https://youtu.be/zokeEf_fc5A?si=I-RUS05Uk_B585wx The Snow Queen (Finnish: Lumikuningatar) is a 1986 Finnish fantasy film directed by Päivi Hartzell, trailer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaR4t8Rq75I The Snow Queen (1995), a British animated adaptation, directed by Martin Gates https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUwDrlBez48 The Snow Queen (Russian: Снежная королева, romanized: Snezhnaya koroleva, lit. 'The Snow Queen') a 2012 Russian animated fantasy adventure film directed by Vladlen Barbe and Maxim Sveshnikov. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMUxVSPyZ9A

a pdf https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/1275510340?action=published EMBED CODE

Escarp Into The Unknown - Where Are They Now- the unknown from Over the Garden Wall 12/102/2025 WATN: The Unknown - Over The Garden Wall The Unknown is an entity or a place beyond the confines of time or space. Travelers through various zones want to know , where is the Unknown now? You can use your imagination or use any of the various references in the challenge to be inspired. Last date to enter for rewards is Dec 22nd https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/journal/WATN-The-Unknown-Over-The-Garden-Wall-1267662687 #watn #wherearetheynow #intothegardenwall #escarpintotheunknown #wirt #greg #theunknown #richardmurray #richardmurrayhumblr #hddeviant Illustration https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/Escarp-Into-The-Unknown-illustration-1273873023 Text https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/Where-Is-The-Unknown-Now-1273876913 Audio https://www.tumblr.com/richardmurrayhumblr/802571111918419968/escarp-into-the-unknown-illustration-by-hddeviant https://www.tumblr.com/richardmurrayhumblr/802571111918419968/escarp-into-the-unknown-illustration-by-hddeviant EMBED CODE

False Promises The Struggle for Black Voting Rights in 1800s Ohio by Ric S. Sheffield Imprint: Swallow Press Referral https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12114-false-promises-the-struggle-for-black-voting-rights-in-1800s-ohio/ my comment https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12114-false-promises-the-struggle-for-black-voting-rights-in-1800s-ohio/#findComment-78250

The Price of Exclusion The Pursuit of Healthcare in a Segregated Nation By Nicole Carr https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12115-the-price-of-exclusion-the-pursuit-of-healthcare-in-a-segregated-nation-pre-order-today my comment https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12115-the-price-of-exclusion-the-pursuit-of-healthcare-in-a-segregated-nation-pre-order-today/#findComment-78249

REFERRAL https://www.tumblr.com/communities/midnight-hour/post/802204635398111232/midnighthour-2026-year-begin-art-challenge?source=share INFO Dear Midnight Hour members. As we have three types of members, three challenges exist, final date of submission for each is Jan 3rd 2026, the challenge only occurs with five or more entries, the prize for each is Tumblr Premium or a commission of equal monetary value: Literary- make a poem based on one BLKTouch film, name the film, and post entry in this community[you can post outside as well, but to participate post in this community] Illustrative- make an illustration based on on BLKTouch film, name the film, and post entry in this community[you can post outside as well, but to participate post in this community] Photographic- make a photographic manipulation based on one BLKTouch film, name the film, and post entry in this community[you can post outside as well, but to participate post in this community] Final Date of Submission Jan 3rd 2026 EXAMPLES OF BLKTOUCH imagery and content https://www.tumblr.com/communities/midnight-hour?tab=recent&tagged=blktouch MEMBERS @richardmurrayhumblr ; @revcleo ; @soogie220 ; @blacknprettyincloudcity ; @voydess ; @weoutheretoo ; @truthhurtz81 ; @betroit ; @yellowflowerevythinks ; @valermorghulis ; @iridescentairess ; @by-april-march ; @sexy-gummi ; @lucidaquarian ; @pixelhotsauce ; @lasergunsandcongodrums ; @vampirepyramidscheme ; @kingkeme ; @dreyvisionary ; @noisilypersistentschism ; @psycheternal ; @sapphirescrolls ; @juicyfruiit8 ; @spikes-123 ; @qtcomicsblog ; @msixelaa ; @kiratheartist ; @wednesdayxmourning ; @annasleffer ; @0ne0nlylarry ; @pangeasgarden ; @musashden ; @melaninmoney ;

At the end of 2025, when I look at the midnighthour community [ linked below] which is designed for all PReto, Negro, Habshi, Kalo [of india], Schwartz, Noir, Kokuchin, Negrito [indigenous of south asia], Australian Aboriginal, Blacks of Jamaica/Haiti/or anywhere in greater west indies, Blacks of Ghana/Nigeria/South Africa/ or anywhere in greater Nubia [commonly called Africa or Libya or Ethiopia], Black Americans, or other terms related to the phenotypical group commonly called a term meaning Black artist of mature/erotic/not safe work work/ or similar art I see a need for another way of existence, as activity has lessened. And so it occurred to me , we have have erotic adult art exchanges, like secret santa art exchanges. And so the Midnight Hour PeriExchange was born. As this is the first it will grow in quality over time. Members have to provide the following, before January 6th 2026 to participate What artstyle will you use[literature{poetry or prose}/illustration{pencil/digital/ink}/photography{you are provided a photograph and you edit it or take a photo of it and edit it }]? What character do you want to have made[please provide any references- note below]? What artstyle do you want said character to be made in[literary{poetry or prose}/illustration{ink/colored pencil}/photography{must provide the photograph}]? With 33 members that is 16 pairs, but with varying art styles and small number , once two pairs are possible I will start. LIST OF PERIEXCHANGE NOTES [possible # of pairs=?] LIST OF PAIRS MEMBERS AT THIS TIME @richardmurrayhumblr ; @revcleo ; @soogie220 ; @blacknprettyincloudcity ; @voydess ; @weoutheretoo ; @truthhurtz81 ; @betroit ; @yellowflowerevythinks ; @valermorghulis ; @iridescentairess ; @by-april-march ; @sexy-gummi ; @lucidaquarian ; @pixelhotsauce ; @lasergunsandcongodrums ; @vampirepyramidscheme ; @kingkeme ; @dreyvisionary ; @noisilypersistentschism ; @psycheternal ; @sapphirescrolls ; @juicyfruiit8 ; @spikes-123 ; @qtcomicsblog ; @msixelaa ; @kiratheartist ; @wednesdayxmourning ; @annasleffer ; @0ne0nlylarry ; @pangeasgarden ; @musashden ; @melaninmoney ; NOTES MIDNIGHT HOUR https://www.tumblr.com/communities/midnight-hour MIDNIGHT HOUR POST https://www.tumblr.com/communities/midnight-hour/post/802205255136886784/midnight-hour-periexchange?source=share THE PERIHELION 2026 https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/608-perihelion-2026/ COMPREHENDING PERIHELION + APHELION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/607-perihelion-aphelion-explanation/ OLDEST KNOWN KEMET MAP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin_Papyrus_Map OLD WORLD MAP LIST https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_world_maps

The perihelion of Earth occurs on January 3, 2026, at 12:15 p.m. EST (1715 GMT). This is the point in Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun. About Perihelion + Aphelion https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/607-perihelion-aphelion-explanation/

DATES or GRAPHIC Note: Distances are approximate and calculated from JPL ephemeris data. Pluto is a dwarf planet. Its eccentricity causes it to cross Neptune’s orbit. TEXT In astronomy, perihelion and aphelion are the two extreme points in Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun. These terms also apply to any object orbiting the Sun or another star. Perihelion is the point where the object is nearest to the Sun, while aphelion is when it is farthest away. Earth’s orbit is not a perfect circle but a slightly flattened ellipse, with the Sun at one of the foci of the ellipse (not the exact center), so the distance between Earth and the Sun varies slightly over the year. Although these points influence the amount of solar radiation Earth receives, they are not responsible for the seasons. Seasons arise from Earth’s axial tilt, not its distance from the Sun. However, the elliptical shape and the timing of perihelion and aphelion do subtly affect seasonal duration and intensity. Apsis is the general term for orbital extremes (includes perigee and apogee for Earth-orbiting objects). What Are Perihelion and Aphelion? Johannes Kepler coined the terms “perihelion” and “aphelion” to describe the orbits of planets around the Sun. Perihelion: The point in a planet’s orbit where it is nearest to the Sun. Aphelion: The point in the orbit where the planet is farthest from the Sun. These distances are measured from the center of the Sun to the center of the planet. The Earth is about 147.1 million km (91.4 million mi) from the Sun at perihelion and about 152.1 million km (94.5 million mi) at aphelion. Etymology Perihelion comes from the Greek peri- (near) and helios (Sun). Aphelion comes from apo- (away from) and helios (Sun). Both terms use the suffix -helion from the Greek word for Sun and are specific to objects orbiting the Sun. The more general term, apsis, refers to extreme points in any orbital system. Apsis and Earth’s Orbit Although Earth’s orbit is elliptical, the Sun is not located at the center of the ellipse. Instead, it occupies one of the two focal points of the orbit, while the other focus lies in empty space. This means Earth–Sun distance changes slightly throughout the year, giving rise to perihelion and aphelion. The line of apsides connects the perihelion and aphelion of an orbit. For Earth, the apsides shift over time due to gravitational interactions with the Moon and planets, causing apsidal precession. Although Earth’s orbit is almost circular, the slight elliptical shape leads to small but measurable differences in solar distance during the year. These points of apsis don’t align with solstices or equinoxes due to this precession. Eccentricity and Orbital Shape Eccentricity (e) describes how much an orbit deviates from a perfect circle: A circle has eccentricity e = 0. Ellipses have 0 < e < 1. Earth’s current orbital eccentricity is about 0.0167, meaning it’s very close to circular. In graphics, illustrators exaggerate the ellipse to convey that the orbit is not a perfect circle. Over tens of thousands of years, Earth’s eccentricity varies due to gravitational interactions, influencing climate cycles (Milankovitch cycles). Do Perihelion or Aphelion Coincide With Solstices or Equinoxes? Currently, perihelion occurs shortly after the December solstice, and aphelion occurs after the June solstice. The proximity of perihelion to the Northern Hemisphere’s winter solstice slightly shortens winter and lengthens summer. Due to apsidal precession, these dates shift by about one day every 58 years. Around the year 1246, perihelion occurred on the December solstice. In about 10,000 years, it will coincide with the March equinox. Apsis and the Seasons While it’s common to assume that Earth’s varying distance from the Sun causes the seasons, this is not the case. The primary driver of seasonal change is Earth’s axial tilt of about 23.5°, not its distance from the Sun. However, the location of the apsides (perihelion and aphelion) does have subtle effects on seasonal length and solar intensity. At perihelion, Earth is closest to the Sun and moves faster in its orbit due to the increased gravitational pull. As a result, the Northern Hemisphere winter is slightly shorter (about 89 days), while summer is slightly longer (about 93 days). The opposite occurs in the Southern Hemisphere, which receives more intense solar radiation during its shorter summer because of Earth’s proximity to the Sun at that time. The uneven distribution of land and ocean between the hemispheres enhances this asymmetry. The Southern Hemisphere has more ocean, which moderates temperature changes, while the Northern Hemisphere has more landmass and experiences greater seasonal variation despite receiving slightly less sunlight at aphelion. Apsidal Precession and Milankovitch Cycles Over thousands of years, the orientation of Earth’s orbit gradually shifts due to apsidal precession, a slow rotation of the line connecting perihelion and aphelion. Currently, Earth reaches perihelion shortly after the December solstice, but this alignment drifts forward through the calendar over time. This precession completes a full cycle approximately every 112,000 to 130,000 years. As a result, the timing of perihelion slowly changes in relation to the equinoxes and solstices. When perihelion occurs during a Northern Hemisphere summer, the hemispheric seasonal differences are minimized. When it aligns with winter, the seasonal contrast is enhanced. Apsidal precession is one of the three key orbital variations described by Milutin Milankovitch, which influence long-term climate cycles on Earth: Eccentricity – the shape of Earth’s orbit (100,000-year cycle) Axial tilt (obliquity) – the angle of Earth’s axis (41,000-year cycle) Precession – the wobble of Earth’s axis (26,000-year cycle) Together, these Milankovitch cycles affect Earth’s climate patterns and have been linked to the timing of ice ages and interglacial periods. Perigee and Apogee: Apsis Terms for Earth-Orbiting Bodies The -helion suffix refers to a body orbiting the Sun, while the -gee suffix refers to the apsis of a body orbiting Earth. Perigee: Closest point to Earth in the orbit of a satellite or the Moon. Apogee: Farthest point from Earth. These are the equivalents of perihelion and aphelion for orbits around the Earth. For example: The Moon reaches perigee at about 363,300 km and apogee at about 405,500 km. These distances affect apparent size (e.g., supermoons at perigee) and gravitational effects. Comparison With Binary Star Systems or Exoplanets The concept of apsis also applies to planets orbiting other stars or star system. For exoplanets (planets outside our Solar System), the terms periastron and apastron are the general terms for orbiting stars. In binary star systems, the terms periastron and apastron describe the closest and farthest points in the orbit of one star around another. Understanding their orbital eccentricity and distance variation aids in evaluating the planet’s habitability, particularly if large differences in distance lead to extreme temperature swings. Some exoplanets, known as eccentric Jupiters, have highly elliptical orbits that cause drastic changes in their environment as they swing close to and far from their stars. In contrast, planets with low eccentricity and stable distances from their stars are more likely to support Earth-like conditions. In summary, astronomers use periapsis terminology that describes the central body: Perihelion/aphelion – around the Sun Perigee/apogee – around Earth Periastron/apastron – around another star Perijove/apojove – around Jupiter Kepler’s Laws in Context Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion describe the mechanics of elliptical orbits, including the behavior of perihelion and aphelion: Law of Ellipses Each planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus (not the center). This explains why Earth has both a closest and farthest point in its orbit. Law of Equal Areas A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time. This means Earth moves faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion, altering the apparent speed of the seasons. Law of Harmonies The square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis: T2 ∝ a3 This law relates orbital duration and distance, and helps astronomers compare orbits across the Solar System. Kepler’s laws form the foundation for Newton’s laws of motion and universal gravitation, and they remain essential for calculating orbits, planning space missions, and understanding the celestial mechanics of planets and moons. FAQs About Perihelion and Aphelion Q: Does perihelion make Earth hotter? A: No, seasons are controlled by axial tilt, not proximity to the Sun. However, perihelion does slightly increase solar radiation, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Q: Why isn’t Earth warmest at perihelion? A: The Northern Hemisphere, which has more landmass, tilts away from the Sun during perihelion. Land heats and cools more rapidly than oceans, so Southern Hemisphere summers are slightly milder. Q: Is Earth speeding up or slowing down at perihelion? A: Earth moves faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion, as predicted by Kepler’s second law (equal areas in equal time). Q: Can perihelion and solstice happen on the same day? A: Yes, but it’s rare. The last near-alignment was in 1246 CE. They drift apart due to apsidal precession. Q: Is the orbit getting more or less eccentric? A: Eccentricity varies cyclically (~100,000-year cycles). Currently, Earth’s orbit is becoming slightly less eccentric. Q: What is the difference between perihelion and perigee? A: Perihelion refers to being closest to the Sun. Perigee refers to being closest to Earth in a satellite’s orbit. References D’Eliseo, Maurizio M.; Mironov, Sergey V. (2009). “The Gravitational Ellipse”. Journal of Mathematical Physics. 50 (2): 022901. doi:10.1063/1.3078419 Luo, Siwei (2020). “The Sturm-Liouville problem of two-body system”. Journal of Physics Communications. 4 (6): 061001. doi:10.1088/2399-6528/ab9c30 Michelsen, Neil F. (1982). The American Ephemeris for the 21st Century – 2001 to 2100 at Midnight. Astro Computing Services. ISBN 0-917086-50-3. REFERAL https://sciencenotes.org/perihelion-and-aphelion-closest-and-farthest-points-from-the-sun/

December Solstice Acrostics challenge https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/journal/December-Solstice-Acrostics-Challenge-2025-1267664759 content for the acrostics challenge https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/603-december-acrostic-challenge-content/ the stamp

Non Profit to Profit in 2025 and vice versa Sociedade Anônima do Futebol is the name of former socios, or social club entities. Socios are non profits, that are not allowed to be taxed, but also can't accept investment control from owners. Meaning, socios can accept money but the use of said money can't be controlled by the person giving the money. And the club members have to vote on various things, from sponsorship contracts to other. Expanding on this idea I thought about the inversion. How can a football club go from paying investors to a Socio, a non profit, that is still profitable? oddly enough I think elements of my thoughts below allow for an inversion. one of the problems with Black countries is the years of fiscal capitalism have taught, very negative lessons, not wrong ones, but negative ones. Meaning what? Most black governments or the populaces in them, love fiscal capitalism. But not the rule of law. They love fiscal capitalism because it allows anyone to: make the rule of law legalize their crimes[ala whites [whether european/muslim/asian or other] with enslaving black people] ,to skip the rule or penalty of law [ala non blacks the world over who used to have the law on their side committing the same acts illegally but evading penalty] , while also skirt the responsibility of government [that many blacks don't want to have while wanting to be very financially wealthy] . So when I look at a Nigeria, the populace will never accept a modulation of For Profit football clubs in Nigeria to a Not For Profit football clubs in Nigeria. Consider that the NFF, nigerian football federation, has never won the African Nations Championship. Now what is the African Nations Championship. It is a championship designed for members of CAF, the confederation of African Football , to field players in their domestic tournament in a flag competition. Meaning what? All members are entered, but each member can only field those who play in their domestic league. Here are the winners, with the number of times they won, from first to most recent, it started in 2009: DR Congo 2, Tunisia 1, Libya 1, Morocco 3, Senegal 1 Now look at some winners of the cup of nations started in 1957, based on quantity, most to least: Egypt 7, Cameroon 5, Ghana 4, Nigeria 3, Ivory Coast 3, Algeria 2, DR Congo 2 so... the top six clubs in the cup of nations, open to CAF players who play anywhere, have never won a tournament based on only domestic players in the same geographic zone. Thus why I think the NFF is a great marker of the quality of CAF football associations. Nigeria recently has complained about their inability to enter the world cup but Nigeria has only been the top two of the Nations championship once. And this goes back to fiscal capitalism. Many Black people love the ability of whites to pay for their services, generational wealth, saving their town or villages or communities. Sadio MAne/Ngolo kante/Koulibaly/Samuel Eto'o ... a long list of CAF players with very financially profitable careers outside CAF have helped the strangers in their bloodline. But,in a competition absent the money focused on the quality, many of those players countries have never placed or have an atrocious record of placement. That proves the profit to nonprofit will probably not be implementable, because affordable, management, isn't where the money is. And that connects to how they view fiscal capitalism. This is what happens when you don't have the "immigrant story" the fiscally poor stranger came into an unwelcomed place and was allowed to work and made a happy life for themselves. The black people in the caribbean/continent/south america/north america who have been in said places since eighteen hundreds have the survived enslavement story. That story isn't about the rule of law, it is about getting enough power to be above the rule of law or to bend the rule of law. And too often black people who have come to embrace the idea of fiscal capitalism aside the rule of law as a brilliant positively inspiring power couple for individual achievement aside collective peace , miss how most other black people have no personal history or historical view to the global black village to come to such conclusions on their own , absent a sickly delusion. My Thoughts After Reading S.A.F. info below and thinking on Santos Interesting how it was admitted dividends are rarely the goal, meaning most of the S.A.F.'s are for resale or part of a Keiretsu-like scenario. But I see the financial action. Socios have to vote on becoming S.A.F.'s with various rules in their voting process they are free to do, thus the vote from the socio members becomes financially huge. If the majority do not vote in favor the socio remains but if the majority vote in favor the rules voted on simultaneously heavily influence the S.A.F. born from the socio. And if the votes are in favor then the socio isn't destroyed, it remains and a S.A.F. takes all of the socios assets and gets none of the socios debt. The S.A.F. given a favorable tax burden for the first five years as well as the ability of members or others to buy bonds for the debt/actions of the club. The S.A.F. has to have a community investment program which is loosely described in the law. While the socio retains all the debt. The S.A.F. has to contribute to payments of the debt. Two methods to pay for the debt exist Centralized Enforcement Regime , Judicial reorganization. In the end Vasco proves Santos was wise to wait. While I know many clubs , like Bahia or Botafogo jumped at the chance to S.A.F. I think Santos and any Socio that waits is wiser. New financial environments historically have mostly bad returns for most early entrants. yes, the minority of early entrants become glorified in magazines like Forbes but the reality is, the majority of early entrants is the truth and I can see that a wise socio look at what others are doing, what is going on wrong, what is going well and then go forward with the experience of neighbors to dictate. yes, it will make these years tough with potential relegation and bigger budget teams about but it will also allow for wiser financial choices. Bahia wants circa 23,000 USA dollars circa 120,000 Brasilian Real to convert a socio to an S.A.F. The Carioca want 94,000 US dollars or 500,000 Real Paulista want nothing for conversion. The three capitals of Brasil before Brasilia show a different tact. Sao Paulo is inviting Socios to modulate. Rio is being most resistant, not enough to stop international sharks but enough to stop little socios. Bahia is inviting Brasilian as well as foreign investors. No socio going into S.A.F. in brasil has consider an initial public offering stock options but I think the realm of more collective shareholder values is interesting. Textor and the 777's of the world, are looking to own, the king's without crowns. But, through futures or bonds a socio can go into S.A.F. inviting investment but still retaining control by members. What about a socio agreeing to become an S.A.F. based on a futures exchange, where each share of the club, each membership becomes a futures contract, and then the exchange is where the contracts can be traded. The future contracts can be based on a combination of (revenue streams in accumulated value substracted by wages-utilities-upkeep) multiplied by athletic achievement as a percentage. For example lets say the following are revenue streams: shirt sponsor, stadium sponsor, tickets, share of media payment for league, local media payment, transfer money income expenses : wages,stadium upkeep, transfer fees,youth development cost Note: S.A.F.'s start debtless athletic achievement in competitions entered so if not in one of the following not related: state championship, brasilierao,copa do brasil, libertadores, intercontinental cup, club world cup. Example : lets say a club is in the state champions, brasilerao, copa do brasil so it is in three competitions: winning each is 100% so winning all three is 300% now the maximum result is 300% so outcome over maximum in the example case gives you 1 so the revenue minus expenses is the result of the contract. But lets say you get 2nd in the state, round of 16 in copa, 8th in brasilerao, you will have 90% 75% 66% , now I argue you can add weights for each tournament, but keeping this simple for the example, you will circa 250% so over 300% means 5/6th of the value of (revenue - expenses) for the future contract. So athletic success influences the returns more potently than the acquisition of sponsors or et cetera. The original socio can become the spot market, thus it doesn't gain debt and is only a place of immediate exchange, with small transactions fees going to the socio to pay off its debt. The spot market has rules like the athletic achievement combined or in part reach 30% relates to automatic revenue deliveries so giving investors back a percentage of what they invested. And since S.A.F.'s start debt free. The socio when it voted to make a S.A.F. needed a debt relief bond, where people give money for potential debt relief to receive the money back in five seasons. This bond money is vital for the SAF to have capitol to spur the futures market. Thus in this way, while the S.A.F. doesn't have a rigid owner, it has futures contracts , that can be traded and a coverage by the socio for debts to allow for a level of feasible risk who also acts as the clearing house between the S.A.F. and investors. Lastly, to grow the quantity of contracts, each new contract for the S.A.F. exchange demands the maker of the contract to pay for a bond in the socio spot market. Yes, an investor is thus paying for their own risk aversion. But the point of that is to clear out wild investors but also keep debt of the S.A.F. to zero by the financial agreements. Finally, while the transactions of the socio spot market each have a small fee to help to pay the socios debts, the transactions of the S.A.F. futures market each have a small fee as revenue to the S.A.F. which can be used to automatically make more contracts and bonds or go into a savings account for a rainy day accumulating over time. Which can be a bond market for the S.A.F. that can be traded. Now outside the yearly mentioned above, who can not vote on the people in the organization, the voting powers should be to those who hold generational futures contracts[ 20 years ] can vote on various people. Thus the socios who originally voted each have one generational contract through their 20 year futures contract. And this is another venue for outside investors, others can buy 20 year futures contracts but they have to pay for 20 year bonds in the spot market. Each time someone buys a 20 year futures contract they increase the value of the futures contracts already present. I think what I suggest while it doesn't provide the financial injections that being sold to billionaire does, I think it provides ,with obvious algorithmic tweaking or specificity, long term longevity and profit making capability, not merely on new investors but really the management of the club. So for example if you are a textor type, and you want to control the club , you can buy a set of 20 years futures contracts in the S.A.F. and parallel 20 year bonds in the socio spot market, thus giving you through the quantity of 20 years futures contracts more votes than anyone, but this doesn't bar others from doing just like you did. Rules in the original vote can make it where voting for ceo's and others doesn't occur till the end of a season so no chaos in administration. but, many can buy investment in the yearlies which are gambles still but have a level of security in that you have to buy a bond to support the security, so it isn't a random house. The goal in my mind of S.A.F. for any socio is how to get what the germans have in the 30% rule but even better. The New York City 1980s was a time for sharks. what are sharks really? sharks are those who buy or sell firms. Nothing wrong with that. Buying and selling firms in whole or part allows for resources to be distributed, debts to be slowed, financial activity to be contained. What don't sharks do? they don't actually run businesses. If I own a film studio and we had ten years of success, 90% of our films made 300% profit or better in the first month of coming out, a shark can look to buy the film studio and the buyers will buy over price, paying me the former owner and other shareholders a lot of money and we can go on and do other things. While the new owners can try and maintain, maybe they succeed and maybe they fail. If I own a music label and we had ten years of falling sales and undesired output after thirty years of industry dominance, a shark can come in and buy my label , getting more money for the parts people may want, like the catalog but the parts people don't want can be split/divested and sold to another or just ended. The new owners to parts of my firm and try to regain the better years. But, the sharks don't actually manage the running of the firms. The sharks only function is the financial industries, but not the actual running of various firms. S.A.F. info Sociedade Anônima do Futebol info What is SAF? Understand the format that changed Brazilian football How does it work and what are the differences between association and company? What are the advantages and disadvantages? And the obligations? Get to know this specific type of company created in 2021 By Rodrigo Capelo 02/09/2022 16h35 Up-to-date a year ago What is SAF? The Sociedade Anônima do Futebol (SAF) is a specific type of company, created by Congress on August 6, 2021, through Law 14.193/2021. The legislation encourages football clubs to migrate from the non-profit civil association to the business one. The SAF Law, as it became known, encourages the change to this club-company format, which has governance, control and specific means of financing for the activity of football. How can the club open a SAF? Clubs can be founded directly with this structure, they can be converted from a civil association to a SAF or they can spin off their football department, with the transfer of all assets related to football activity to the company. Once the company is incorporated, it is possible to sell a majority, minority, or all of its capital to a new owner. John Textor, Ronaldo and 777 Partners were the first cases of great repercussion, respectively with Botafogo, Cruzeiro and Vasco. What is the main change? Historically, most football clubs in Brazil have been structured as civil associations, a private, non-profit organization formed by the union of members. These people elect representatives to the Deliberative and Fiscal Councils, in addition to a president. The association cannot be sold to investors. Unlike what happens in much of Europe, where clubs are companies and can be bought and sold by third parties, associations are managed solely by the membership. The SAF opened the possibility of partial or total sale of football to new owners. They can be entrepreneurs, investment funds and even the IPO on the Stock Exchange – an option not yet tried by any Brazilian club, but common in other countries. What is the difference between president and owner? In football, the civil association usually has a structure similar to that of the government. Members elect representatives to the Deliberative Council, a kind of Legislative, and to the board of directors, which resembles the Executive. The president is the head of the ticket. The chairman of the board is given a term of office, usually between two and four years, with or without the right to re-election, and is joined by statutory vice presidents. In Brazilian football, these figures are not paid and are only in charge temporarily. In the case of a STC, the owner has decision-making power definitively. Whoever buys part or all of a club-company will only leave the business, except on extraordinary occasions, on the day they sell their stake in the company to another person, company or fund. How does SAF management work? The club-company has a professional structure hired by its owner, usually composed of specialists in the main areas: CEO (chief executive officer) Chief Financial Officer (CFO) CLO (chief legal officer) CMO (chief marketing officer) Director of football All these professionals are hired, directed and fired by the owners – whether it is a single person or a composition of partners. These, in turn, are usually organized into a Board of Directors, in which the main decisions are made. Civil associations can also organize themselves in the same way, internally. In theory, the main difference is that, as these entities frequently alternate presidents, there is a constant complaint of instability in Brazilian football, with each change of president. Can associations resume football? It depends on each negotiation. In the cases of Botafogo, Cruzeiro and Vasco, the associations sold a majority stake in the capital of SAF to John Textor, Ronaldo and 777 Partners. In this process, each club established contracts that dictate rights and duties for each party. If there is a violation of this agreement, it is possible that clauses provide for exits. Can SAF be resold? The club-company is an asset, just like a conventional company, and can be bought and sold freely. An entrepreneur who owns 90% of a SAF can resell any percentage under his ownership, including everything, according to his commercial interests. Why buy a SAF? The entrepreneur can have a return on this investment through: Resale of part or all of the club-company for an amount greater than that invested since his arrival; Receiving dividends, that is, profits obtained by the operation of the club-company – a less frequent option. Integration of the football club into a chain of other businesses, so that they are directly benefited What are the advantages of SAF? 1. Tax regime Civil associations are exempt from various taxes, such as Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ) and Social Contribution on Net Income (CSLL). There was resistance from managers to opt for conventional models of companies, as corporations and limited liability companies have a higher tax burden, so the STC has a special regime, in replacement. In the first five years after incorporation, the SAF is subject to the monthly payment of a unified tax, limited to 5% on monthly revenues, except for athlete transfers. From the sixth year onwards, the rate drops to 4%, but is levied on all the company’s revenues, including sales of economic rights of players. 2. Football debentures The SAF can issue football debentures, a debt security. Fans can invest money in the purchase of these bonds, with remuneration not less than the savings account, and redeem the investment after two years. The money contributed can be used to pay expenses, expenses or debts of the club-company by its administrators. What are the disadvantages of SAF? Sociedade Anônima do Futebol is committed to the creation of an Educational and Social Development Program, in which, in agreement with a public educational institution, it will promote measures to develop education through soccer. Girls should also be contemplated, with equal right of access to sport. The STC can invest in: a) renovate or build a public school, as well as a court or field for the practice of soccer; b) to institute a transportation system for students; c) feeding students during periods of recreation and training; d) to train former players to minister and conduct activities; e) hire auxiliary professionals, such as physical trainers, nutritionists and psychologists; f) acquire equipment, materials and accessories necessary for the practice of soccer within the scope of the project. What happens to debt? Debts remain with the civil association, that is, they are not transferred to the newly created company. The STC becomes responsible for contributing to the payment of these obligations, within the limits established by law. Since the association loses almost all of its operating revenues – as football has been transferred to the management of the club-company – there are two options to deal with the debt: 1. Centralized Enforcement Regime The SAF Law created a mechanism called the Centralized Enforcement Regime, which works as a queue for creditors of a civil and labor nature. The company assumes the responsibility of contributing to the payment of this queue, with 20% of its current monthly revenues. In principle, clubs that adhere to this regime have a period of six years to pay their debts. If at least 60% of the debt is paid off in this period, an extension of another four years is granted to pay off the remainder. Therefore, the deadline to pay is up to ten years. The Centralized Enforcement Regime also opens the possibility of reducing debts by at least 30%, through discounts. To define the order of payment of creditors, priority is given to older credits and also to profiles: a) elderly; b) people with serious illnesses; c) people with credits less than 60 minimum wages; d) pregnant woman; e) victims of work accidents in soccer. 2. Judicial reorganization Judicial – or extrajudicial – reorganization is usually used by companies that are almost bankrupt, but which have economic relevance to society. In summary, these companies can renegotiate civil and labor debts with the mediation of the government, so that the credits are written off by discounts and paid in a new term. The role of the SAF Law, in this case, was to guarantee access to this tool for clubs that become companies. The legislation also anticipates that bilateral contracts and contracts with players can be transferred from the civil association to the club-company, without being involved in the agreement to be negotiated during the judicial reorganization. How is tradition protected? As long as the civil association that gave rise to the club has at least one class A common share, regardless of the percentage of the interest, this entity will have veto power over the following items: a) change of name; b) change of symbol, coat of arms, brand, nickname, anthem and color; c) change of headquarters to another municipality. Who created the SAF? The intellectual mentors of the Sociedade Anônima do Futebol are lawyers Rodrigo Monteiro de Castro and José Francisco Manssur. They have dedicated themselves to the study of business structures in football since at least 2015, when they published the book “Football, Market and State”, in which they pointed out foreign proposals and references. Subsequently, the content of this study was presented in the National Congress by Senator Rodrigo Pacheco (PSD-MG), in 2019. Bill 5,519/2019, which culminated in the creation of the SAF Law, was drafted by Senator Carlos Portinho (PL-RJ). The first companies in Brazilian football, under this unprecedented format, appeared in a few months. Article Referral https://ge.globo.com/negocios-do-esporte/noticia/2022/09/02/o-que-e-saf-entenda-o-formato-de-clube-empresa-que-mudou-o-futebol-brasileiro.ghtml What is left to the original association when the SAF has an owner? Experiences from other countries teach a lot about the risks to which Brazilian clubs have exposed themselves for not having developed the necessary mechanisms for their own protection Rio de Janeiro 03/28/2024 03:06 AM Up-to-date a year ago In his first press conference since taking over the presidency of Vasco da Gama, former player Pedrinho raised several questions about the limit of the original association in the direction of Vasco SAF, the company that manages the club’s professional football and which is now controlled by the North American group 777 Partners. “Unfortunately I am not part of the process. But I’m always willing to help Vasco, above any goal (…) Sportingly, I think I could collaborate”, said the president of Vasco about the little space that the association has in the current SAF. “It’s their choice, period. There is no crying, lamentation,” he added. Pedrinho’s complaint is especially due to having been invited, before leaving as a candidate, to give opinions on the club’s sports planning. Once at the head of the association, the treatment changed drastically. As president of the club, Pedrinho is no longer seen as an ally for the SAF. “I have no interest in taking the 777. I’m interested in giving a new direction, a new direction to Vasco. The SAF was created to professionalize football. We expect transparency, sports performance (…)”, justified Pedrinho, still showing himself willing to deal amicably with the employees of 777 Partners. However, the Vasco idol also made clear his disagreement with the SAF model: “The model that was created in a contract, then yes, is no longer very much to my liking. It is a relationship in which I am a partner and I have functions such as supervising and collecting. This cannot be a nuisance to anyone.” “Charging, inspecting is a natural process of a [business] society. I don’t know if the behavior of the previous administration created a different habit, but this is not a pattern”, reinforced Pedrinho. There are several interesting points in these speeches, which today stand out in Vasco’s SAF because of the low sports performance and the errors in the decision-making of the management of the SAF – which has already changed CEO, director of football or coach in just over a year –; but that should be discussed by all other SAFs where the original clubs have become a decorative piece. Basically, all SAFs were structured in the same way: the associative club holds few seats on the Board of Directors and on the Fiscal Council, reducing its participation to access to confidential documents, contracts and financial data and the sporadic moment of transmitting some dissatisfaction at shareholders’ meetings. Which is rarely done in public. In clubs that have 30% (Vasco), 25% (Atlético) or 10% (Bahia, Coritiba, Cruzeiro and Botafogo), the position is always secondary, without enough power. The position of the association in each of them will vary, of course, according to what was discussed in the election of the association. It is where Pedrinho’s press conference matters most. Vasco lives this distancing because it was the first club to hold elections without swearing in a group fully aligned with the management that operationalized the sale of SAF. In the other cases, until then, the association’s command has remained the same or with figures close to the administrations that sold the SAF. As long as the friendship relationship between the association and SAF lasts, we will hardly see situations similar to Vasco’s come to light, even in the worst of sporting scenarios. In the case of Coritiba, for example, the elections scheduled for last December were postponed and have not yet been rescheduled. In the midst of this, there was a vexatious demotion and a lot of contestation from the members to the business model, but the association’s management never manifested itself frontally. The situation of cornering of the associations is not surprising, because it has always been the objective of those who promoted the SAFs as a panacea for Brazilian football. There are understandable reasons for so much repulsion to the original club – for being closed (with the exception of a few cases), for the history of the top hats who have controlled it previously, for the state in which the institution was at the time of sale – but this whole process of demonization of the associations should be expensive. After all, the association will be the last instance of salvation for the club, if everything goes wrong in the SAF. There is no safe choice in extirpating association from decision-making, because at some point it will be necessary. In addition, at the same time that the SAFs have been structured in such a way as to prevent the participation of the association, the business models seem tailor-made to empty these century-old organizations. What is the ideal scenario for those who buy a SAF: not having to be accountable to anyone or, at most, having to communicate with a dying association, without strength and representativeness. If at first this was desired to guarantee the work autonomy of the “qualified professionals hired by investors”, perhaps the occasional sellers have eliminated important escape routes that will be missed at the necessary time. Today it is too early to visualize something catastrophic in this sense, but experiences from other countries should begin to be better studied so that the risks that clubs run for not having developed the necessary mechanisms for their own protection can be perceived. In the current scenario, it is not possible to speculate on the nature or scruples of the groups that took over the SAFs, but it is not just a purely moral issue either. There are a number of possible situations that can drastically alter the pretensions of these “investors” with “their SAFs”, and in the end everything is business: will professional football pass from hand to hand – from buyer to buyer – or will it be allowed to conceive the resumption of its control by the original association? This alternative already seems eliminated from the scenario. A bad early sporting phase for what was expected from the investments of the SAFs has already put Vasco in a situation of worrying distancing. The controllers of the SAF are not obliged to listen to the original club. The original club does not see the tools at its disposal to act positively. In a few years, it will not only be sports results that will be the factors of dissatisfaction and distance between clubs and SAFs. The history of club-companies around the world tells controversial, highly complex situations that are still little visible in the Brazilian scenario. It will be up to the fans to keep the association alive and strong, because it will be through it that things will pass at the necessary time. - Irlan Simões (@irlansimoes) is the author of the book “The Club’s Production: power, business and community in football” (2023) https://morula.com.br/produto/clube/ and organizer of the work “Clube Empresa: global critical approaches to corporations in football” (2020). ARTICLE URL https://ge.globo.com/blogs/blog-do-irlan-simoes/post/2024/03/28/o-que-resta-a-associacao-original-quando-a-saf-tem-dono.ghtml How much does it cost to become SAF? Fees charged by Federations range from R$ 30 thousand to R$ 500 thousand; see list The Federation of Rio de Janeiro is the one that charges the most expensive, followed by those of Pernambuco and Minas Gerais; Paulista, on the other hand, is the only one among the top ten that still does not charge for the change By João de Andrade Neto — Recife 01/19/2024 03:17 PM Up-to-date a year ago Since it was created by the National Congress in August 2021, the Sociedade Anônima do Futebol (SAF) has become a recurring subject in Brazilian football, with many clubs already adhering to the format and many others preparing to make the change from the associative model to club-company. Migration that, to be official, needs to be registered by the state federations, which have been authorized by the CBF, since 2022, to charge the so-called “conversion fee”. Charge that, depending on each state, varies from R$ 30 thousand to R$ 500 thousand. The ge verified in documents made available on the official websites of the entities and in contact with the advisories the amounts charged by the ten best-placed federations in the CBF ranking: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Ceará, Goiás, Santa Catarina, Bahia and Pernambuco. The federation with the most expensive rate is Rio de Janeiro. According to the values released by the entity, a club that is in the state’s A1 Series will have to pay R$ 500 thousand to migrate to SAF. The charge is now R$ 300 thousand and R$ 200 thousand for clubs that compete in the A2 and A3 Series of the State, respectively. These amounts started to be charged last year, and are still valid, according to Ferj’s press office. It is worth remembering that Botafogo and Vasco sold their shares in 2022. Pernambuco and Ceará on opposite paths The second federation to charge the most is Pernambucana, which readjusted the fee from R$ 120 thousand to R$ 400 thousand as of this year. An increase of 233%. None of the big three in the state have become SAF so far, but they work for it. Who has more advanced talks is Náutico, which already has an offer from a group of investors that can reach, between investment plan and guaranteed costs, R$ 980 million over ten years for the purchase of 90% of the shares. Sport, on the other hand, is in the process of reformulating its statute with a view to adhering to the SAF model, while Santa Cruz, which even had advanced talks with investors, according to the board that left the club at the end of last year, is again at square one. But the transformation to the SAF is considered a priority by the current president, Bruno Rodrigues. The Ceará Federation, on the other hand, took the opposite path by reducing the value of the fee, from R$ 400 thousand charged until last year to R$ 120 thousand from 2024. In the state, Fortaleza approved in September the change to Sociedade Anônima do Futebol, but without share sales for now, a unique model in Brazilian football so far. In December, the club’s then-president Marcelo Paz resigned to take over as CEO of Fortaleza EC SAF. Ceará, on the other hand, does not treat adherence to the Corporations model as a priority. Bahia, Goiás and Minas The Goiana and Bahia federations also charge R$ 120 thousand for the conversion into SAF. In Goiás, the three main clubs, Goiás, Atlético-GO and Vila Nova, are in the process of moving. Bahia, on the other hand, since March last year, has 90% of football shares controlled by the City Group. Vitória, for now, has not yet taken direction in this direction In Minas Gerais, where the big three have already adhered to the SAF model, with Cruzeiro being the first club in Brazil, still in 2021, the Minas Gerais Federation currently charges R$ 250 thousand for the change. Third saltier rate, behind only Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco. No charge in São Paulo and “bargain” in the South Leader of the CBF ranking among federations, São Paulo is the only one among the top 10 not to charge the “conversion fee” for the SAF model, according to the resolution published in July last year. The state is the one with the most clubs that have already become a corporation, with 10. One more than Minas Gerais, according to the Academic League of Corporate Law of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The three federations in the South Region of the country charge the lowest amounts, with Catarinense being the cheapest: only R$ 30 thousand. The state has among its affiliates four clubs that have already joined the SAF model, including Figueirense. In the Paranaense and Gaucho Federations, this amount is R$ 60 thousand, and in Rio Grande do Sul this fee will be charged as of this year. Paraná is the third state in the country with the most SAFS, eight in all. The amounts charged by the federations São Paulo Federation - Does not charge a fee Rio de Janeiro Federation - 500 thousand* Pernambuco Federation - R$ 400 thousand Minas Gerais Federation - R$ 250 thousand Ceará Federation - R$ 120 thousand Goiás Federation - R$ 120 thousand Bahia Federation - R$ 120 thousand Federação Gaúcha - R$ 60 thousand** Paranaense Federation - R$ 60 thousand Santa Catarina Federation - R$ 30 thousand *Clubs that are in the A2 Series of the State pay R$ 300 thousand and those in the A3 Series, R$ 200 thousand ** Charges for the first time in 2024 ARTICLE URL https://ge.globo.com/pe/futebol/noticia/2024/01/19/quanto-custa-para-virar-saf-taxas-cobradas-por-federacoes-variam-de-r-30-mil-a-r-500-mil-veja-lista.ghtml Judicial and extrajudicial reorganization, bankruptcy and civil insolvency: a guide to understanding what can happen to indebted clubs Leaders, politicians and lawyers are beginning to speak publicly about mechanisms that can save associations mistreated by decades of mismanagement. And the fans deserve to understand them São Paulo 06/02/2020 06h00 Up-to-date 5 years ago By Rodrigo Capelo Judicial reorganization, extrajudicial reorganization, bankruptcy and civil insolvency. As soccer clubs collapse financially, officials, politicians and lawyers are beginning to spread these terms as possible solutions to reverse decades of mismanagement in associations. The terms have already entered the vocabulary of the Cruzeirense. Vittorio Medioli, a businessman who briefly participated in the provisional administration of Cruzeiro, publicly defended that the club enter into judicial reorganization to undo the damage caused by the Wagner Pires de Sá and Gilvan de Pinho Tavares administrations. The subject matters to practically every indebted club, however. In the face of the critical situations in Brazilian football, behind the scenes there are people interested in resorting to these mechanisms to clean up the indebtedness of the associations. In some cases, this would help improve the chances of migrating to a business structure. Due to the high degree of complexity and high relevance for the future of Brazilian football, the blog recorded a podcast to explain the mechanisms with the participation of Marcelo Sacramone, https://interativos.ge.globo.com/podcasts/programa/dinheiro-em-jogo/episodio/dinheiro-em-jogo-39-clube-de-futebol-pode-falir-entenda-as-opcoes-para-salvar-os-times-endividados/ judge of the 2nd Court of Bankruptcy and Judicial Reorganization of São Paulo. This text serves as a support to understand each of the ways out for those in debt. Judicial reorganization What is it for? To recover a company that is relevant to society, especially for the jobs it generates, which is going through an economic crisis. What are the requirements? Perform business activity for at least two years. In other words, in order to enter into a judicial reorganization process, the legal entity must be a company – a corporation, limited liability company or other similar corporate structure. Non-profit civil associations – like most football clubs in Brazil – cannot enter into judicial reorganization, unless they migrate to the business structure and wait two years or there is a change in the legislation. What is the procedure? First, the company submits the request for judicial reorganization to the Court, with justifications to obtain the benefit of renegotiating its debts under the supervision of the government. If the Court allows the proceeding, the company (debtor) will have 60 days (two months) to present a plan for payment to the group of people with whom it has accumulated debts (creditors). When the reorganization plan is presented, the creditors will decide whether to accept or reject the proposal. If they accept, creditors will receive the amounts according to the conditions set out in this agreement. If they do not accept, the company will be declared bankrupt. After the agreement, the Court still monitors compliance with this reorganization for two years to ensure that the debtor follows the plan. What are the benefits? Creditors are allowed to receive the amounts that were outstanding, albeit with discounts and in installments. In another hypothesis, they could receive nothing. Judicial reorganization also requires that the agreement be collective, that is, no creditor can take advantage of another with the seizure of revenues, for example. To the company (debtor), the judicial reorganization allows it to reduce its indebtedness and preserve its activity. Additionally, all blockades and seizures suffered by this company are suspended for 180 days (six months). This happens precisely so that no creditor gets ahead of another when it comes to obtaining the money from a lien. “Why will everything be suspended? To prevent a more sophisticated, faster lender from being able to take an asset and harm everything else. The law says: during these 180 days, everything will be suspended against the debtor. The problem with this is that case law has extended this period. Here in the State of São Paulo, this period has taken two years on average. It is very different from the 180 days. It is alleged that creditors are negotiating, so it is better to maintain this suspension than to let someone run outside to pledge a certain asset”, explains Marcelo Sacramone. What does the negotiation depend on? Generally, two factors: 1.Of the assets that can be sold to raise money. This goes for everything that has some value for the company. In the case of clubs, they would be real estate (social and administrative headquarters, training centers and stadiums), player contracts and brand (shield) 2.From the revenue forecast in the new business plan. If the company understands that its financial recovery will allow investments and make it raise more money, part of these resources can be redirected to pay creditors Taking these factors into account, the probability of a good deal for both parties will be determined. In the case of a company that has no assets to sell and/or does not have the potential to increase its revenue, creditors will have problems obtaining good values. Does recovery involve debt forgiveness? Most of the time. The debtor would not have the money to pay all the debts under normal conditions. So he usually bases the recovery plan on extending the payment deadline and negotiating discounts on the amounts due. Lenders may understand that it is better to receive some money than none at all. Therefore, they agree to forgive part of the amounts due in exchange for the scheduled payment. This only happens if the absolute majority of creditors agree with the proposed conditions. “In an average plan, the debtor will pay in 11 years and with half of what he owed. This is an average plan. 30% of the plans involve selling something to make cash to satisfy that plan. Then the creditors will be called to a General Meeting in which they will meet to deliberate if that is the best proposal, if the debtor could not propose something better, make some suggestion, and it is up to the debtor to understand whether or not he will maintain the original proposal”, says Marcelo Sacramone. Are there rules for the formulation of the plan? Labor debts (with former employees) must be paid within a period of less than one year, from the moment the debtor’s proposal is accepted by the creditors. The limitation of labor debts concerns the term, but not the discount. As long as the creditors agree to forgive part of the debt, the debtor can reduce this amount. This is a huge potential problem for football clubs. The labor debts of associations – with players, coaches and employees of other departments – are usually much higher than in conventional companies. Especially in the case of the most traditional and most indebted clubs in Brazilian football. Out-of-court reorganization What is it for? Extrajudicial reorganization has similar mechanics to judicial reorganization, but the negotiation phase between debtor and creditors is done out of court. The agreement needs to be taken to a judge, however, so that he can verify the conditions and ratify the decision. The negotiation does not have to happen with all creditors at the same time. For example, the company can renegotiate only debts with financial institutions (bank debts). In out-of-court reorganization, the negotiation also does not need the approval of an absolute majority to be confirmed. If the debtor obtains the approval of 60% of the creditors, the other 40% are obliged to accept the conditions of the reorganization plan. Bankruptcy What is it for? It is the consequence of a judicial reorganization that did not work out – that is, in which the creditors did not accept the proposal made by the debtor and decided that the best way would be to file for bankruptcy. It is also possible to have direct bankruptcy, but this is a rare case. In the event of bankruptcy, the debtor loses all power over the assets and the power to manage them. He is removed immediately. The court appoints a trustee, and this trustee sells all assets to raise money. Real estate, brands, contracts, everything that is possible to sell on the market, comes into play to pay creditors. What are the requirements? Only companies can go bankrupt. Non-profit civil associations, like most football clubs in Brazil, cannot go through this process without some change in legislation. Who can file for bankruptcy of a company? Debtors or creditors. In practice, no one asks. The debtor usually understands that it is better to continue activity and try to pay off debts, while creditors avoid the risk of receiving nothing if there are not enough assets to sell. In football, filing for bankruptcy of a club would have an additional effect: social pressure on creditors or directors (responsible for the debtor) who filed for bankruptcy of a traditional club. What are the benefits? If the liquidation of all assets generates money to pay off at least 50% of the debts, the company cannot be charged for the other 50%. “Bankruptcy is a prize for the entrepreneur who has had a failure. If I liquidate all the assets and with that amount I manage to pay half of the creditors, he is free the next day to return to his activity. There is an extinction of his debts. Problems with this: bankruptcy lasts an average of 12 years, that is, the process never ends. If the process does not end and he is unable to pay this 50%, he will stay another five years after the closure still linked to these obligations”, explains Marcelo Sacramone. Civil Insolvency What is it? It is a form of liquidation of all assets and payment of creditors. There is no possibility of collective bargaining. The club would need to enter into an agreement individually with all creditors. What are the requirements? Civil insolvency applies to non-profit civil associations. Football clubs can go through this procedure at any time. Who can apply for the insolvency of an association? Debtors or creditors. In practice, no one asks. The debtor does not ask because it would cease to exist and would not be able to preserve its activity, and creditors do not usually ask because they would hardly be able to receive the amounts. In addition, as the negotiations are individual, some creditors could outsmart others by taking advantage of the resources obtained from the sale of assets such as stadiums, venues and players. What is the difference between bankruptcy and insolvency? In a civil insolvency process, even if the sale of all the association’s assets pays more than 50% of the debts, the association will continue to be linked to the rest of the debts until they expire. The statute of limitations can be from five to ten years, depending on whether there has been a crime. In practically all cases, it is not worth it. @rodrigocapelo ARTICLE URL https://ge.globo.com/blogs/blog-do-rodrigo-capelo/post/2020/02/06/recuperacao-judicial-extrajudicial-falencia-e-insolvencia-civil-um-guia-para-entender-o-que-pode-acontecer-com-clubes-endividados.ghtml Bill No. 5516, of 2019 See also: VET 43/2021 Authorship: Senator Rodrigo Pacheco (DEM/MG) No. in the Chamber of Deputies: PL 5516/2019 Generated Rule: Law No. 14,193 of 08/06/2021 Subject: Economy and Development > Taxes, Social Policy > Sports and Leisure Summary: Creates the Brazilian Football System, through the typification of the Football Corporation, establishment of governance, control and transparency rules, institution of means of financing football activity and provision of a transitory tax system. Explanation of the Summary: Creates the figure of the Sociedade Anônima do Futebol, whose main activity consists of the practice of soccer in professional competitions, defines its financing, administration, governance and control; and establishes a special regime for the calculation of federal taxes applicable to the species. PROPOSITIONS Identification: PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Rodrigo Pacheco (DEM/MG) Date: 10/10/2019 Description/Syllabus Creates the Brazilian Football System, through the typification of the Football Corporation, establishment of governance, control and transparency rules, institution of means of financing football activity and provision of a transitory tax system. Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8023943&ts=1721927154468&disposition=inline Identification: Initial single article Author: Federal Senate Date: 15/10/2019 Description/Syllabus - Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Forwarded for publication. To the CAE and EC, the latter being responsible for the final decision. (This processed contains twenty (20) numbered sheets.) | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8025061&ts=1721927154503&disposition=inline OPINIONS Identification: Legislative Report Author: Senator Carlos Portinho (PL/RJ) Date: 08/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Seem Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: The report and the attachments forwarded by the Rapporteur, Senator Carlos Portinho, were received. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977839&ts=1721927154807&disposition=inline Identification: Legislative Report Author: Senator Carlos Portinho (PL/RJ) Date: 10/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Seem Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received the Report of Senator Carlos Portinho. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978839&ts=1721927155441&disposition=inline Identification: P.S 129/2021 - PLEN Author: Senator Carlos Portinho (PL/RJ) Date: 10/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Opinion No. 129/2021-PLEN/SF - Presentation of Substitute - Amendment No. 32-PLEN. Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: (Remote Deliberative Session held on 06/10/2021) Opinion No. 129/2021-PLEN/SF was delivered by Senator Carlos Portinho, concluding by the approval of the bill, by the full acceptance of Amendments Nos. 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 13, 23, 28 and 31-… | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8979014&ts=1721927155406&disposition=inline AMENDMENTS Identification: AMENDMENT 1 - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Leila Barros (PSB/DF) Date: 25/05/2020 Local: Committee on Economic Affairs Legislative Action: Amendment sent to the rapporteur, Senator Marcos Rogério, for analysis. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8114738&ts=1721927154615&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 2 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Paulo Paim (PT/RS), Senator Rogério Carvalho (PT/SE) Date: 07/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 2 to PL 5516 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 2 and 3, from Senator Paulo Paim. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977023&ts=1721927155175&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 3 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Paulo Paim (PT/RS) Date: 07/06/2021 Description/Syllabus PL 5516 of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 2 and 3, from Senator Paulo Paim. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977026&ts=1721927155205&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 4 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Jayme Campos (DEM/MT) Date: 08/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516, of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendment No. 4, from Senator Jayme Campos. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977819&ts=1721927154770&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 5 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Veneziano Vital do Rêgo (MDB/PB) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment PL 5516/19 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. - 5, from Senator Veneziano Vital do Rêgo; - 6, from Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977963&ts=1721927155530&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 6 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Weverton (PDT/MA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus EMD 1 PL 5516, of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. - 5, from Senator Veneziano Vital do Rêgo; - 6, from Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8977992&ts=1721927155813&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 7 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Paulo Rocha (PT/PA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5,516, of 2019 - labor debts Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendment No. 7, from Senator Paulo Rocha. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978101&ts=1721927155882&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 8 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Wellington Fagundes (PL/MT) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus emenda_Sistema of Brazilian Football Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendment No. 8, from Senator Wellington Fagundes. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978120&ts=1721927154843&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 9 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Rose de Freitas (MDB/ES) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 9 and 10, from Senator Rose de Freitas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978169&ts=1721927155913&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 10 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Rose de Freitas (MDB/ES) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 9 and 10, from Senator Rose de Freitas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978175&ts=1721927154653&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 11 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Paulo Rocha (PT/PA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus AMENDMENT to Bill No. 5516, of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 11, by Senator Paulo Rocha; and - 12, by Senator Luiz do Carmo. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978190&ts=1721927155244&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 12 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Luiz Carlos do Carmo (MDB/GO) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Bill No. 5516, of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 11, by Senator Paulo Rocha; and - 12, by Senator Luiz do Carmo. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978196&ts=1721927156144&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 13 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Fabiano Contarato (REDE/ES) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus ensure that the PDES include students from public educational institutions Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 13 and 14, by Senator Fabiano Contarato; - 15 and 16, by Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978209&ts=1721927155976&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 14 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Fabiano Contarato (REDE/ES) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Increase the transparency of Football Corporations Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 13 and 14, by Senator Fabiano Contarato; - 15 and 16, by Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978212&ts=1721927156006&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 15 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Weverton (PDT/MA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus EMD to PL 5516 of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 13 and 14, by Senator Fabiano Contarato; - 15 and 16, by Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978215&ts=1721927155283&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 16 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Weverton (PDT/MA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus EMD to PL 5516 of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 13 and 14, by Senator Fabiano Contarato; - 15 and 16, by Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978218&ts=1721927155315&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 17 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Weverton (PDT/MA) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus EMD to PL 5516 of 2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendment No. 17, from Senator Weverton. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978241&ts=1721927156179&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 18 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Izalci Lucas (PSDB/DF) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 02 to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 18 to 22, from Senator Izalci Lucas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978259&ts=1721927154884&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 19 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Izalci Lucas (PSDB/DF) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 01 PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 18 to 22, from Senator Izalci Lucas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978262&ts=1721927154916&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 20 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Izalci Lucas (PSDB/DF) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 05 to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 18 to 22, from Senator Izalci Lucas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978267&ts=1721927154950&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 21 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Izalci Lucas (PSDB/DF) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 04 to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 18 to 22, from Senator Izalci Lucas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978270&ts=1721927154981&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 22 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Izalci Lucas (PSDB/DF) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 03 PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 18 to 22, from Senator Izalci Lucas. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978273&ts=1721927155012&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 23 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Eduardo Braga (MDB/AM) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 1 - PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 23 and 24, by Senator Eduardo Braga. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978279&ts=1721927155049&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 24 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Eduardo Braga (MDB/AM) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment 2 - PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 23 and 24, by Senator Eduardo Braga. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978282&ts=1721927155079&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 25 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Irajá (PSD/TO) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 - art 2 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978291&ts=1721927155572&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 26 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Irajá (PSD/TO) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 - art 10 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978294&ts=1721927155603&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 27 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Irajá (PSD/TO) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 - art 15 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978297&ts=1721927155637&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 28 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Irajá (PSD/TO) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 - art 21 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978300&ts=1721927155669&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 29 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Romário (PL/RJ) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978305&ts=1721927155946&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 30 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Romário (PL/RJ) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978309&ts=1721927155779&disposition=inline Identification: AMENDMENT 31 PLEN - PL 5516/2019 Author: Senator Romário (PL/RJ) Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus Amendment to PL 5516/2019 Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: Received Amendments Nos. 25 to 28 from Senator Irajá; and 29 to 31 from Senator Romário. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978313&ts=1721927156035&disposition=inline Identification: Separate amendments Author: Federal Senate Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus - Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate Legislative Action: The deadline for amending the matter ended at 2 pm on 06/09/2021. Amendments Nos. 2 to 31 were received. | See the procedure https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978336&ts=1721927155848&disposition=inline Identification: Separate amendments Author: Federal Senate Date: 09/06/2021 Description/Syllabus - Local: Plenary of the Federal Senate https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=8978350&ts=1721927154679&disposition=inline LEGAL DOCUMENT URL- all content within , which is more than listed https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/139338 POST URL https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12082-black-1-percent-have-to-lead-by-example-in-uncomfortable-places-economic-corner/ PRIOR EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/600-economic-corner-28-11232025/ NEXT EDITION COMMENTARIES @ProfD the problem with @Pioneer1 position is in the past of the usa the black 1% supported the underground, the black 1% were keys in the many Black DOSers going back to Africa through their own minimal means, the black 1% helped financed the travel and activities of the civil rights movement leaders like mlk jr. The black 1% has always existed, many black loyalists and some black rebels were black 1% who owned businesses. So history disproves white power as having the potency he suggest. Don't tell me black 1% were able to help black people in the 1800s when black pregnant women were being hung for sport by whites but now in 2025, the great mind shackle exist. The future isn't about returning to the past, but history does have value, and I think the modern black 1% who have a better environment than any time before in usa or british colonial history , have no excuse to lead by positive + better example. Black business owners circa 1865 in south carolina were willing to defy white people by having black schools when white people, pre KKK , were going from black town to black town burning them down to the ground. Fellas, they got to do better and in all earnest , if they don't want to help, I say, call them out on it. I don't have a problem with wealthy blacks not helping black folk if said black 1% can be honest about it, tfi the 99% of black people can be honest about it. . Lets call it like it is, a minority of our forebears were willing to help the white people fighting the englsih, who were enslaving us. So it isn't odd that some black people are willing to help whites over black people in the usa.. But... again, call it like it is.

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Fate(Sol Fu do know) Some lyrics to welcome summer in the southern hemisphere https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/Fate-Sol-Fu-do-know-1269063641 #poetry #lyrics #summer #hddeviant #fate #richardmurrayhumblr #richardmurray The Kwanzaa Song Some lyrics to welcome winter in the northern hemisphere https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/The-Kwanzaa-Song-1269062369 #poetry #lyrics #winter #kwanzaa #song #hddeviant #richardmurrayhumblr #richardmurray The Mascots Summer 2025 An illustration to welcome summer in the southern hemisphere, coloring page available. https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/The-Mascots-Summer-2025-1269060850 #illustration #themascots #summer #hddeviant #deviantart #richardmurrayhumblr #richardmurray EMBED CODE The Mascots Winter 2025 An illustration to welcome winter in the northern hemisphere, coloring page available https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/The-Mascots-Winter-2025-1269059816 #illustration #themascots #winter #hddeviant #deviantart #richardmurrayhumblr #richardmurray EMBED CODE

Love Jimmy Cliff, did it all. stayed jamaican.. black star:) Reggae Night written by La Toya Jackson+ Amir Bayyan Lyrics Yeah, man, Reggae night You live and you love So turn on your light Make it shine bright Now listen to this Jam it Reggae night We come together when the feeling's right Reggae night And we'll be jamming till the morning light Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Penny Reel just called Got to get my things, got to catch this ride Got to look my best Cause I know they'll be mashing it up tonight Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Reggae night We come together when the feeling's right Reggae night And we'll be jamming till the morning light Mmm, hmm, oh, oh You will find it happens only once a year So don't miss out on this session here, oh There'll be people coming from the North and South and East and West So you better look your best, man Now lightning strikes at eight So you better not be late For this rub-a-dubbing, rockin' Jammin', fun, fun loving, yeah Reggae night We come together when the feeling's right Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Reggae night And we'll be jamming til the morning light You will find it happens only once a year So take advantage of this festive cheer Make we bring we family And let's tell some friends And everyone will have a jam, jam session Ooh, yeah Comin' out Ribbit Very nice style Ram it Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Keep on rockin' down Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Reggae night We come together when the feeling's right Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Reggae night And we'll be jamming till the morning light Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Reggae night We come together when the feeling's right Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Reggae night And we'll be jamming till the morning light Mmm, hmm, oh, oh Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh Reggae night Oh ohoh (Ram it, jam it) Oh ohoh (Whoo, yeah, yeaht) Oh ohoh (Hoo) Oh ohoh (Yeah)... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3Uh24QiJUI Sufferin in the land written by Jimmy Cliff Lyrics (Jimmy Cliff) Da-da-dai-dai, da-da-dai, da-da-dai ... Suffering in the land It is plain to see we're in a terrible situation Sufferin' in the land Nearly half of the world on the verge of starvation Sufferin' in the land And the children are crying for more education Sufferin' in the land Let's singin' Da-da-dai-dai ... Suffering in the land The rich get richer and the poor get poorer Sufferin' in the land Everything's gettin' higher and the time gettin' tougher Sufferin' in the land They're making guns and bombs to set the world on fire Sufferin' in the land I'm singin' Da-da-dai-dai ... Suffering in the land, Lord Da-da-dai-dai ... Suffering in the land https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1h6OR60dBk Many Rivers to Cross written by Jimmy Cliff Lyrics Many rivers to cross But I can't seem to find my way over Wandering, I am lost As I travel along the white cliffs of Dover Many rivers to cross And it's only my will that keeps me alive I've been licked, washed up for years And I merely survive because of my pride But the loneliness won't leave me alone It's such a drag to be on your own My woman left and she didn't say why Well, I guess I have to try Many (many) rivers to cross (rivers to cross) But just where to begin? I'm playing for time There'll be times (many) I find myself (rivers to cross) Thinking of committing some dreadful crime Yes, I got many (many) rivers to cross (rivers to cross) But I can't seem to find my way over (I've got) wandering, I am lost (many rivers to cross) As I travel along the white cliffs of Dover https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjW5f7i5EwE You Can Get It If You Really Want written by Jimmy Cliff Lyrics You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want But you must try, try and try Try and try You'll succeed at last Hm-hm-mm Look here Persecution you must bear Win or lose, you've got to get your share Got your mind set on a dream (oh) You can get it, though harder they seem now You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want But you must try, try and try Try and try You'll succeed at last I know it Listen Rome was not built in a day Opposition will come your way But the hotter the battle you see (oh-oh) It's the sweeter the victory, now You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want But you must try, try and try Try and try You'll succeed at last You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want You can get it if you really want But you must try, try and try Try and try You'll succeed at last (You can get it if you really want) I know it (You can get it if you really want) don't I show it? (You can get it if you really want) so don't give up now (You can get it if you really want) Keep on trying https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jg7qsW8qboE The Harder They Come written by Jimmy Cliff Lyrics Well, they tell me of a pie up in the sky Waiting for me when I die But between the day you're born and when you die They never seem to hear even your cry So as sure as the sun will shine I'm gonna get my share now, what's mine And then the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Ooh, the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Well, the oppressors are trying to keep me down Trying to drive me underground And they think that they have got the battle won I say forgive them Lord, they know not what they've done 'Cause, as sure as the sun will shine I'm gonna get my share now, what's mine And then the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Ooh, the harder they come Harder they fall, one and all And I keep on fighting for the things I want Though I know that when you're dead you can't But I'd rather be a free man in my grave Than living as a puppet or a slave So as sure as the sun will shine I'm gonna get my share now, what's mine And then the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Ooh, the harder they come Harder they fall, one and all Hey, the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Hey, the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all Hey, the harder they come The harder they fall, one and all https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vyoVstgJgE Wonderful World, Beautiful People written by Jimmy Cliff Lyrics Hey, yeah, wonderful world, beautiful people You and your girl, things could be pretty But underneath this, there is a secret That nobody can repeat Take a look at the world And the state that it's in today I am sure you'll agree We all could make it a better way With our love put together Everybody learn to love each other Instead of fussing and fighting Cheating, backbiting Scandalizing and hating Baby, we could have a Wonderful world, beautiful people You and your girl, things could be pretty But underneath this, there is a secret That nobody can repeat, yeah you know Man and woman, girl and boy Let us try to give a helping hand This I know and I'm sure That with love we all could understand This is our world, can't you see? Everybody wants to live and be free Instead of fussing and fighting Cheating backbiting Scandalizing and hating Yeah, we could have a Wonderful world, beautiful people You and your girl, things could be pretty But underneath this, there is a secret That nobody can repeat Yeah, yeah, now Talking 'bout the Wonderful world, beautiful people You and your girl (taking 'bout you), things could be pretty (taking 'bout me) Wonderful world (taking 'bout me solely), beautiful people (apparently someday) Wonderful world (we all could do), beautiful people (end with singing) Wonderful world (have a little bit of now), beautiful people (do what you can) Wonderful world (have a little bit of now) https://youtu.be/zCJYl9Irayk?si=2HM0EF6e05Ww_fN6 THE HARDER THEY COME https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzCv8-AJywc Directed by Perry Henzell Written by Perry Henzell Trevor D. Rhone Produced by Perry Henzell Uncredited: Chris Blackwell Starring Jimmy Cliff Cinematography Peter Jessop David McDonald Franklyn St. Juste Edited by Reicland Anderson John Victor-Smith Richard White Music by Jimmy Cliff Desmond Dekker The Slickers The Maytals Production company International Films Inc. Distributed by New World Pictures Release dates 5 June 1972 (Kingston, Jamaica)[1] 1972 (VIFF) 8 February 1973 (United States) Running time 109 minutes[2] Country Jamaica Languages Jamaican English Jamaican Patois Budget J$400,000[3] or $150,000[4] Jimmy Cliff was in a film called Club Paradise 1986 directed by Harold Ramis aka Egon from Ghostbusters https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Paradise Ramis said, "We thought Club Paradise had a good chance at the box office. But we were the fourth Caribbean comedy out that year, and none of them did any business. The casting ended up being diametrically opposed to what was intended. It was intended for Bill Murray and John Cleese, with Bill as the laid-back guy and Cleese as the over-the-top guy, and we ended up with Robin Williams and Peter O'Toole, with O'Toole as the laid-back guy and Robin the over-the-top guy. The polarities shifted, and it was probably not as interesting or as solid as it might have been if Bill and Cleese were there."

Ororo Munroe Coolbeaniebabez gif https://www.deviantart.com/hddeviant/art/OroroMunroeCoolbeaniebabezgif-1268008442 EMBED CODE

The 2,000 I don't know if Schrumpfts 2,000 dollar check will come in BUT I do think this is a perfect chance to talk about what happens if it does happen. For example New York City has a possible three million black folks. Let us say, a third are children. so, two million adults. If each adult gives one dollar of their $2,000 that is two million dollars. Now what does the black populace in NYC need? Maybe they could vote on it? Now before you get excited lets be honest, few have the clout to get that many Black adults in NYC behind an initiative. the tribal issues exist and it is simply not easy. But, the idea has wings in a lesser way. Any black person in any black group , for example the black members of one mosque the black members of one church the black members of the party of abraham lincoln in one city the black members of the party of andrew jackson in one city the black alumni for any college in one city can all pool a single dollar together and do something with the collected funds. To what end, you will need a voting system, where people who placed a dollar get the chance to place their desired collective action. And then have a boring, long but very even process for each pooler's collective action through a simple yeah or neah on the action from the entire poolers body, so each idea gets to be voted on by every member, yes or no. The idea that won the most yeahs gets done. If a draw a the top. Another round of voting where each idea gets voted on , yes or no, by each pooler. If two rounds go with the same draw result, then the poolers who made the idea, get to amend their idea. And vote again, the added details should lead to an imbalance and if still a tie, amend again. Yes in a better scenario , someone black with enough connections calls for a million man march and millions of black men go to this place and each leave a dollar and then vote in a truly even way to use the money. But the conditions don't favor that. But, i think every black church or mosque can do it. And even if the results are small the real goal is for black collectives to do something... KWanzaa is coming up and a tenet is collective work and responsibility. The timing couldn't be better. PArtially Inspired by this dialog https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12056-african-christians-african-american-christians/#findComment-77851 POST URL https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12059-2000-million-people-marches/ PRIOR EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/586-economic-corner-27-11122025/ NEXT EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/605-economic-corner-29-11302025/ COMMENTARIES COMMENT @ProfD Well concerning my suggestion in the original post, the needs can't be identified first cause the money is reliant on an unknown. The organization can come first and then if the money comes then, the gathering of funds, ala trust, and then those who have placed funds in the trust can vote, ala what I stated in the larger post, I don't know if you read it. but that is the point of Universal BAsic Income, it is just welfare, just expanded. Consumerism isn't evil, it is what the usa has always been, starting wiith the white murdering colonist. Remember, the british colonies had become a huge buyer, consumer, not a producer, but a consumer. the best producing colonies were in the caribbean with over 90% black populations which led to them all having a different phenotypical history to the english colonies n north america, having a white european populace , ever growing, became big consumers. I recall france did stimulus checks and it was all used, the french were wiser in that they gave guidelines for where to spend. but the usa from a financial philosophy perspective historically likes to allow a freer market, that is how financial cheating and other things can thrive, it is up to the individual in the usa, against france's communalist, government guided economy through the fiscal capitalist free market. @Pioneer1 nyc 80s white businessmen's fiscal culture isnt about planning, it is about shark hunting, short term gains. shark hunting is buying things, breaking them up and selling them into the market, crows work. that is what the socialist financial models never have. This is why too big to fail was huge, cause the usa did a piss poor variant of socialism in saving the banks. they saved the banks like in a socialist model but unlike a socialist model didn't demand they plan, so the banks haven't improved. And short terms gains isn't about seriousness, in schrumpfts case they are wild gambits. they shake things up which was his original premise and I don't he has ever left that position. I apologize for confusing you. This is a one time thing, but I think as this is the economic corner. that if he succeeds this is a huge step to universal basic income becoming in some form or fashion. Cause if he can do it once, he can do it again and the next president can as well and with the executive order culture reaching new heights, all the precedence is present for it to become something that happens at a greater frequency. well... gimmick, the usa is over three hundred and fifty million people. half of that is one hundred and seventy five million so if that is the count of adults two thousand multiplied by one hundred and seventy five million is three hundred and fifty billion dollars. I don't see 350,000,000,000 as a gimmick. I think you and Profd have a very low view of others financially, that I don't have. I never forget one winter past, real cold, and a homeless person asked for money and I gave it cause i had it to give. And a black person of you and profd's philosophical race said I shouldn't have did that cause that person will spend it on liquor. And I replied to them that i didn't give the money as a test or because I judged or critiqued them in any way, I gave the money because I could and I wanted to, the way in which they use it is up to them, and considering it is cold, I think it wise to warm your belly with liquor if you live in the cold. I have always found the voice of black people like you and profd who chime in that helping others, especially black folk, shouldn't be done, to be very ugly. If you don't want to help other black people. Don't. I have no problem with that. But chiming in that people shouldn't be helped because you feel they are unwarranted based on your critique of them or your evaluation of what they will do... well ok. You two plus the many other blacks I have heard do it are free to do it, I have no problem with none of you doing it, but it is an ugly act. That kind of talk in the village needs to be stated for what it is, ugly. I don't think so, like the stimulus checks this is meant to go wide. I will say this, SCrumpft wants this to go wide, I Think the problem is the congress... the congress in the usa is a mess in terms of what is produces legislatively. IT rarely is well constructed and all to often has alot of dysfunctional complexity to maintain agendas against the purposes of the laws. I think many of the limits and exemptions may happen but largely because of two things 1. the multipheonotypical naysayers to UBI. For some reason many in government fear UBI. I have listened to their arguments and none hold water. The non black naysayers talk about the merit of work but the usa wasn't built on the merit of work it was built on murdering others for land and enslaving other human beings. the northern colonies were extremely poor compared to the southern. the northern colonies were the most eager to cede from the english empire as they were poorest in north america+caribbean in terms of wealth making and could use to not pay taxes to england, but virginia to the carolinas were only interested for the opportunity to avoid taxation and gain more money. Hard work had nothing to do with it. The black naysayers talk about their pseudo prescient view that people will spend the money negatively which has no basis in truth. All the people in the usa who had home bills to pay or children to feed spent some or all of each stimulus on bills and care. homeless and other very fiscally poor people don't have homes or others to care for usually, so they spent as they wanted. but commerce is not bad, usa business retained all that money so it wasn't wasted it was fueled right back into the economy of the usa. which is the point of welfare, the impoverished get to feed themselves , the market gets fuel. 2. the donkeys, the part of andrew jackson were the ones who stopped the stimulus checks from continually coming. They felt it wasn't feasible which is interesting cause the donkeys love government spending. The problem with stimulus checks is the donkeys can't use stimulus checks for favors of big firms. the thousands to millions of homeless people getting stimulus checks going to the liquor store, buying a sandwich , maybe a new pair of shoes isn't influencing big business through government spending. But spending money on the affordable care act, which then goes to insurance companies, is an example of how to influence the big firms. So I can see the donkeys trying to stop it though with the shutdown result I imagine a number of donkeys may disregard schumer and others which will make it easy to happen. COMMENT @ProfD Even point, our experiences are different, we are two strangers, you don't know me and i don't know, we both have levels of assumption ,but our experiences have clearly led to varying perspectives. par the course, I dont' think so. when a person says that giving money to another person will be wasted in their opinion and they are opposed to it, even when the money will not be there own, I see my position as in even response to your words which are said similar. @Troy well the post wasn't about what individuals would do but what will a group do , each a portion of their funds. Now if either had said they wouldn't put their dollar in the pot to the stated concept then fine. I have no problem with that. But that wasn't an element of their discourse. It was from Profd The net benefit is zero especially if folks are going to spend it on BS instead of investing it in something that actually makes more money from Pioneer Low intelligence people are easily "bought off" with cheap gifts and trinkets, while more intelligent people look at the LONG TERM aspect and what offers the most benefit in the long run. I think my response was even to both. What does either of those projections serve a group action as I suggested? And I will be blunt, I have been blessed to be around many types of Black people, various generations, various religious associations, various language types... being a black kid in NYC depending on where in the Black woods you live can be very open to how varying black people can be. And so I have always heard black people talk like profd + pioneer when it comes to the qualities of other black people or when it comes to how other black people behave from their view, when it comes to how other black people whom they view lesser than or negatively in some fashion should be treated. and... I have never cared for it. I have also always heard black people not talk like profd + pioneer when it comes to said similar values or perspectives or judgements. Many black people are not going to act or behave the way any one black person thinks, but when a group action is called, that isn't just about a black individuals views, or when one sees another black person helping another black person, that isn't about what said one would do, it is about two others. And I have witnessed black individuals in a group offline, chime in just like those two, when all in a group were asked to help and the projections of the philosophical peers to profd or pioneer offline were... didn't help. You think UBI will be a distribution of wealth? I don't think so. It is welfare, expanded but welfare. Like the stimulus checks that money will mostly go into paying bills. well, as the discourse in my post in this forum have proven, even a small set of black people can't even come to a collective accepted position on what reparations is defined as for Black DOSers let alone how it shall be implemented. Are Black DOSers owed reparations? 100% historical fact, financially. Are reparations that Black DOSers owed beyond money? 100% true too. But, absent collective acceptance , the Black DOS populace in the usa can's decide what reparations is, and it has to be decided on first before it can be implemented. It can't be what Profd wants or pioneer wants or Rich wants or Troy wants. It has to be what the group wants. And thank you Troy , cause this economic corner, outside my intentions has reinforced the truth of Reparations problems in the Black populace in the USA. If four black men : me you Profd Pioneer have this much collective unacceptance on financial matters, how can the tens of millions of black people in the usa find a collective acceptance with reparations? @Pioneer1 whichever answer is the worst in your mind, pick it. COMMENT @Troy but in the testing program out west for the UBI , i forget the name of the town and i think it even has a black representative, years back at least, the UBI doesn't work by distributing funds, the government prints the money and gives it. The US Military allows the USA to print money and not worry about collection. @Pioneer1 not based on your own definitions but if another doesn't share your definitions then yes. I have never said or felt i have all the answers, if i did why communicate in this very forum. But, based on how black people like me and others define things, black people like you or profd are wrong in this case. I have publicly admitted you or profd have spoken truth or generated erudition before. I didn't refer to mamdani. I confused you and I apologize. when I spoke of group action I wasn't speaking in reference to him and I am not a mamdani supporter.

A question was raised about religion adherents of different tribes in the village, the following was my reply hahah @Pioneer1 namaste:) never all:) In your experience it seems black people who are , what some call, devout, gardless to the religion they adhere to, fit a lifestyle model you accept as positive. ok At the end of the day with the tens of millions of black people in the usa alone, the experiences black people have with religions or the religious, gardless of their adherences, is a wide thing. IT isn't hard to find a black person whose had a very negative experience with someone who calls themselves devout. Now you can argue, as you suggest in your comment, that the issue is who is devout who is in the spirit of a particular religion. But, I will argue history proves that argument, while honest, one that only manifest as an unending rabbit hole in terms of results. @ProfD The fiscally wealthy rarely have a personal adherence of zeal for any religion... while they use the communal influence or financial halls of religious clerics and their places of worship to potent effects. The fiscally poor tend to have a personal adherence for a religion... while they rarely use the churchs halls or communal ability to improve their finances. Since you are a Statian I can see the logic of your separation of church and state position to the religiously devout in the black populace. But I don't think the answer needs to be exoduses from religion as much as changes into how the fiscal poor relate to religion. As any harlemite knows , harlem is full of churches, and every sunday all the black church members whose kin used to live in harlem and used church funds to aid their particular church group have a higher level of fiscal wealth, ala the Black one percent. But, the fiscal poor who will chagrin speaking ill of god and use the churches midweek, spend most of their time laboring, to make ends meet, to buy food, they don't use the church for non spiritual affairs. The fiscal poor need to embrace the church as a place of commerce, cause the fiscally wealthy arguably, use the church too much as a place of commerce, and yes I know jesus overthrew the money changers.. but, anyway I end with, as you are also an individualist, your solutions speak to that line of thinking. but as I am a communalist, I have to say the clerics, preachers/pastors/imams are really most to blame over members of the flock, cause they have the power and have a better crowd to influence their financial behavior or how they live through various places of worship. And you have given me a good addiiton for an edition of the Economic Corner I am formulating, I have some others editions I have already written up completely but thank you. @harry brown the questions of who is worse among the abused? who is worse among the inheritors of a negative culture? are valid for the history book but dysfunctional for getting results. The question is, how do religious populaces, gardless to the religion , improve their positive functionality internally plus externally? Specifically, to the global black village how do the black populaces in what I will call the six religious zones, improve: USa+Canada South of the USA [Caribbean+Mexico+South America] Continent [ Africa] Asia [Iran to the Phillipines] Europe Australia+ Oceania Blacks in Australia+Oceania , like the aborigine who are first peoples to australia while also black, don't have a religious issue simply because the abuse they have survived and are still under is quite potent. In my eyes, they are still in the enslaved phase of the Black history book. PRe Slavery/Slavery[Complete and then Jim Crow]/Integration The aborigine is in a Jim Crow phase. Yes, they are not completely enslaved but the shackles are there, australia mocks the aborigine as a free peoples. Blacks in Asia , like the habshi or kalo in india , the negrito who are also first peoples of asia while also black, the kokuchin in japan are in the jim crow phase. The problem with Black Asians in Asia is that outside White European power, they have to also deal with White Asian power so it is a double. Yes, they are not completely shackled in irons, but they are in late 1800s jim crow, which even by white european accounts was worse than complete enslavement. Yes even though slavery is illegal in jim crow [jim crow eras defining aspect], whites historically use legal means to make so many legal non physical shackles it is from a functional perspective harder. because while blacks can fight to illegalize slavery, it is hard illegalizing negatively engineered fiscal environments. Blacks in Africa are in the jim crow phase, the end of colonialization was the boundary in africa between the complete slavery phase and the jim crow slavery phase. But like in asia, Jim crow of africa is hard. Because yes, black countries exist but their entire design is a jim crow. And because of that, and the fact that unlike in the other continents where an integration era will eventually come, the next era after jim crow has to be a black power phase so it is very challenging to get from a jim crow country to a black power country. South of the USA has a form of integration. The legacy of the conquistador, the east india company, the caribbean black states, is south of the USA historically has been better for blacks in terms of opportunity, and arguably still is. BUt, south of the usa is very tied to the idea of clans, lineages. I argue if a black person has money south of the usa they will deal with less restrictions than in the usa. But, the black populace south of the USA never had the jim crow battle because they already had a form of the integration so once complete enslavement ended they were into said form of integration. Europe never had a robust slavery phase. And because blacks are the most minor in Europe , they have a form of integration. The problem in Europe is unlike the USA which allows for individualism to bind varying peoples, European countries don't have that. And, they are also not in the same place culturally when it comes to multiracial situations. so, I argue europe is as good as it will get until the EU goes from an articles of confederation form to a constitution form. Right now the EU is an articles of confederation style so they have a union without military bite and absent the desire to bond tighter, and the USA doesn't help because Europeans like history and they can see that the constitution dwindled states cultures in the usa such that now, whereas each state in the usa was supposed to be self sufficient, they all are welfare states to the federal government in modernity so... The USA as First People lands before 1492 was pre slavery, from 1492 to 1980 in which the usa went from white european colonies to indepenent white european colonies in a egal union was the slavery era [ complete from 1492 to 1965 jim crow from 1965 to 1980] and then integration which is the only phase in which the usa existed at the beginning is from 1980 to today. So, what is my point? any slavery situation deletes the discussion between variants of black christians because black people are enslaved. So, of the six regions that leaves three. USA+Canada Europe South of the USA Now in those three regions where does religion sit? In South of the USA , religion is powerful. Religious communities have real power. The separation of church and state does not exist, don't let anyone fool you. The zeal or fanatacism possible in South of the USA is the kind that burns the vestial virgins alive, if you know your Roman imperial history. So I will make south of the USA exempt from your argument, not cause black people are enslaved, but because the potency of religion is too strong to treat like something that can be easily bent or allow for peaceful discourse. In Europe, the french would say the religion of the state has replaced religions and this is a parademographic truth. part demograph, image of the people, truth. what do i mean? The sad reality of religion in Europe is immigrants brought a fervor to religion that has hurt the religion of the state. One of the most negative legacies or heritages of the white european imperial era which I argue we are at the end of is the religiosity in humanity. White european empires [muslim + christian] forced religion onto those they conquered , used religion to control those they conquered, even before they conquered them or after they lost total control such that religion is embedded in many human populaces. Such that when they immigrated to europe, they were never going to join the religion of the state. Now, in time I think the religion of the state will win out, but it needs more time in europe. to that end, blacks in england and france whose bloodlines were before the second white european imperial war commonly called world war 2 tended to mulatto themselves such that they are usually disconnected to the post world war 2 immigrant populaces whose quantity allowed for a maintenance of phenotype. So in europe, the equivalent to Black DOSers are smaller in quantity but also have become a mulatto demographic. they are like the coloreds in south africa, not white or black but at this time their own branch. So the religious of the modern black immigrants are only amongst themselves , they don't have descended of enslaved variant in Europe of any significant size. LAstly, that leaves the USA:) So after eliminating three because black people in said regions are still enslaved. One through the religious environment not allowing for a religious tolerances. One through the lack of a comparable Black Descended of Enslaved populace, it leaves the USA+ Canada. In the USA + Canada who are worse adherents of religion Black Descended of Enslaved of Black Modern Immigrants post 1965 ? Honestly I don't think either can stand on a hill above the other. But how can both improve , I have some ideas. What they both have in common is a big place in their community. The reality is the Black 1% in the USA today are tied to churches. It isn't an accident that Obama was a member of a church in his rise. Nearly all Black DOSers or Black people with influence in the DOS part of the black populace in the usa has some ties to a black church. The reality is the Black 1% in each country in Africa are tied to religious groups. Every knows if you want something done, go to the religious groups in any African country and that will help gets things quicker than the fiscal marketplace. Build a church, build a mosque and the pastors or imams will find allies for your cause through the bureaucracy of the country. It isn't an accident that Malcolm + MLK were never the leaders of the most prominent organizations representing their particular religious molds: the nation of islam + the southern black christian leadership conference. IT was because malcolm + MLK had a pan black view to the black populace even as men who were both preachers to a particular religion, even though their backgrounds were quite varied. MAlcolm was the son of a Garveyite Christian Homesteader. The Black Homesteaders were about owning land, but also isolation from whites. Not total separation but isolation, they didn't trust integrated communities, and the Garveyites were the best black financial movement in Black history in the USA or the white european colonies that preceded it. So Malcolm came from a pan black communal financial independence heritage. The nation of islam was and is an isolationist religious group within the black populace. If you are not a member of the nation of islam, even while black, the nation of islam probably will not help you. MLK was a nepo baby, the son of the son of a preacher, the wealthiest black family in the local region. We blacks forget that the black church in each black community in the the usa was usually the fiscal center or fiscal wealthiest. Adam Clayton Powell jr, Abysinnian BAptist Church has the oldest Black money in harlem. Their eldership is a very powerful group. Remember the elders of the Abysinnian Baptist Church told Adam CLayton Powell jr who was the son of a preacher who was the son of a preacher at the same church that he had to stop his wife Hazel scott from touring and making more money than him and even though he was a member of the house of representatives, he did what they said and hael scott... battled but eventually gave in to the pressures. But MLK gardless of his background, didn't embrace the bootstrap, I got mine get yours, blacks are hurting blacks more philosophies that many or most black pastors had and maybe still have today. Sequentially, MAlcolm nor MLK were ever head of the most important organizations in guiding the larger religious communities they were the face of. So, I see two issues with Black religious groups whether Descended of enslaved or modern immigrant in the USA. 1. They have to both be about Pan Black, helping another black person has to not be contingent on them joining your church or mosque. ... I will even add the Black Jews as another who have a very proselytizing position. When you look at Historical Black Colleges, or the financially wealthy black churches it is clear, they don't mind helping black as long as black is a member. That has to change, and change from within... so... 2. They have to also be brave. I haven't yet found the list of black church leaders who voted on what the black church should emit to the larger black populace in the fist few years after the war between the states ended. I heard it was one vote that led to the black church going nonviolent, but the historical value is clear regardless of the exact names of the people or their scenarios. The stance to integration the black church had since 1865 wasn't the most positive functional stance black people needed before 1980. I argue the homesteaders strategy was the most positive functional stance for the black churches to take pre 1980, but...I also know that Frederick Douglass , Ida B Well and others weren't keen on homesteading. They wanted to integrate. and so it was an internal battle in the black populace and the black side that favored what was safer about whites won over the side that favored what was better for blacks. Nothing is easy, it is cheap to judge from 2025 on 1865 so I will not suggest cowardice or the simplicity of hindsight on them. But, the results are here. The black places of worship have to be brave. And lets be blunt, the history of the USA proves, many Blacks or non Blacks in the USA talk a big talk about adhering to the law , and bootstraps until they are financially needy and then they show their true colors and kill and cheat and harm many others for their sole gain. And if they don't get caught and find financial footing go right back to their adhering to the law feces. Again, The black places of worship have to be brave. I never forget all sharpton saying that when he started his movement various black groups came about looking to swing him their way, he chose the nonviolent integration path through influence from coretta scott king, but to his credit he didn't say the other paths were wrong, he said he made a choice. URL to comment https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/12056-african-christians-african-american-christians/#findComment-77851

Mufasa has yet to come out but what can be gathered from the end of the year. The highest grossing films, top ten, made in 2024 were all continuations of a prior film in some fashion, and that includes mufasa, if it has similar financial results. The market outside the usa embraces cartoon films more. Films from the usa that display a distinctly usa cultural appeal don't have wings outside the usa. The far east asian [China/Taiwan/South Korea/Russian] market stands alone as a rival to the usa domestic market. To restate, a film can do well domestically in south korea/China/taiwan/russia and not do well outside either and be listed in the highest grossing films, just like films of the usa. The chinese films make up the majority of the films in the far east asian and they cover a range of styles, not overwhelmed by one genre, but comedy seems to be the link between all the entries from the four sources in the far east asian group. All but one film was made in the usa. [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_film ] Discounting the chinese market , if you compare USA based revenue to outside USA based revenue, which films have differences in position [ https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2024/ ] Advantage to market outside the usa Alien Romulus, out of the picture in the usa 10th outside the usa , difference of INF , anti usa Joker Folie a deux out of the picture in the usa 17th outside the usa , difference of INF , anti usa Garfield movie out of the picture in the usa 18th outside the usa , difference of INF , anti usa Detective COnan out of the picture in the usa 20 th outside the usa , difference of INF , anti usa Venom the last dance 16th in the usa 8th outside the usa, difference of eight, anti usa Gladiator 2, 14th in the usa 9th outside the usa, difference of five, anti usa Dune part 2 is 7th in the usa while 4th outside the usa, diffference of three, anti usa Godzilla Kong new empire is 9th in the usa and 6th outside the usa, difference of three, anti usa Kung Fu panda 4 is 10th in the usa while 7th outside the usa , difference of three, anti usa Kingdom of the planet of the apes, 12th in the usa 11th , outside the usa, difference of one, anti usa The Wild Robot 15th in the usa 14th outside the usa, difference of one, anti usa Advantage to market in the usa Twisters is 8th in the usa and out of the picture outside the usa, difference of INF , pro usa GHostbusters frozen empire 18th in the usa out of the picture outside the usa, difference of INF, pro usa Wicked is 4th in the usa while 15th outside the usa, difference of eleven, pro usa Beetlejuice Beetlejuice is 6th in the usa while 16th outside the usa, difference of ten, pro usa A quiet place day one 17th in the usa 19th outside the usa, difference of two, pro usa Bad Boy ride or die 11th in the usa 12th outside the usa, difference of one, pro usa Chinese produced films, are dispersed throughout. It seems china has the only domestic market that can truly provide revenue to challenge the wealth possible in the usa. [ https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-2024 ] LAst edition https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/11358-economiccorner003/ POST URL https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/11377-economiccorner004/ PRIOR EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/597-economic-corner-3-december-8th-2024/ NEXT EDIITON https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/141-economic-corner-5-january-4th-2025 /

A writer for the Home Box Office show The Watchman said he didn't comprehend why writers write stories assuming another season. That truth can be applied to many government officials. From Eric Adams city of yes, to Nancy Pelosi's affordable care act elected officials in modernity love policies that extend beyond their time in office. The fiscal question of value to the economic corner, is the financial wisdom in policy that assumes government officials in the future will support the policy as intended or at all. I argue policy with fiscal actions beyond a time of office is one hundred percent financially inappropriate. Why? it is a financial gamble. And gambling is never the best financial strategy. The proof is, all the actions Biden is taking to use up money or place money for certain projects in the bureaucracy may not work. ARTICLE The last actions the Biden administration will take before Trump takes over the White House By FATIMA HUSSEIN, MATTHEW DALY and COLLIN BINKLEY Updated 5:24 AM EST, November 15, 2024 WASHINGTON (AP) — Biden administration officials are working against the clock doling out billions in grants and taking other steps to try to preserve at least some of the outgoing president’s legacy before President-elect Donald Trump takes office in January. “Let’s make every day count,” President Joe Biden said in an address to the nation last week after Vice President Kamala Harris conceded defeat to Trump in the presidential race. Trump has pledged to rescind unspent funds in Biden’s landmark climate and health care law and stop clean-energy development projects. “There’s only one administration at a time,” Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg told reporters at a news conference Thursday. “That’s true now, and it will also be true after January 20th. Our responsibility is to make good use of the funds that Congress has authorized for us and that we’re responsible for assigning and disbursing throughout the last three years.” But Trump will control more than the purse strings come January. His administration also can propose new regulations to undo some of what the Biden administration did through the rule-making process. Here are some of the moves the Biden administration is taking now: Getting infrastructure spending out the door Biden administration officials hope that projects funded under the $1 trillion infrastructure law and $375 billion climate law will endure beyond Biden’s term and are working to ensure that money from the landmark measures continues to flow. On Friday, Buttigieg announced over $3.4 billion in grants for projects designed to improve passenger rail service, help U.S. ports, reduce highway deaths and support domestic manufacturing of sustainable transportation materials. ”We are investing in better transportation systems that touch every corner of the country and in the workers who will manufacture materials and build projects,″ he said. “Communities are going to see safer commutes, cleaner air and stronger supply chains that we all count on.″ Speeding up environmental goals Announcements of major environmental grants and project approvals have sped up in recent months in what White House officials describe as “sprinting to the finish” of Biden’s four-year term. The Environmental Protection Agency recently set a nationwide deadline for removal of lead pipes and announced nearly $3 billion to help local water systems comply. The agency also announced that oil and gas companies for the first time will have to pay a federal fee if they emit dangerous methane above certain levels. The Energy Department, meanwhile, announced a $544 million loan to a Michigan company to expand manufacturing of high-quality silicon carbide wafers for electric vehicles. The loan is one of 28 deals totaling $37 billion granted under a clean-energy loan program that was revived and expanded under Biden. “There is a new urgency to get it all done. We’re seeing explosions of money going out the door,” said Melinda Pierce, legislative director of the Sierra Club. Biden and his allies ”really want to finish the job they started.” Ukraine aid Pentagon press secretary Sabrina Singh told reporters this week that Biden wants to “spend down the authority that Congress has allocated and authorized before he leaves office. So we’re going to work very hard to make sure that happens.” The Biden administration would have to rush $7.1 billion in weapons — $4.3 billion from the 2024 supplemental and $2.8 billion that is still on the books in savings due to the Pentagon recalculating the value of systems sent — from the Pentagon’s stockpiles in order to spend all of those funds obligated before Trump is sworn in. There’s also another $2.2 billion available to put weapons systems on long-term contracts. However, recent aid packages have been much smaller in size, around $200 million to $300 million each. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin has said the funds are already obligated, which should make them harder to take back because the incoming administration would have to reverse that. Pressure to quickly confirm judicial picks Another priority for the White House is getting Senate confirmation of as many federal judges as possible before Trump’s inauguration on Jan. 20. The Senate this week voted 51-44 to confirm former prosecutor April Perry as a U.S. District Court judge in northern Illinois. More than a dozen pending judicial nominees have advanced out of the Senate Judiciary Committee; eight judicial nominations are awaiting committee votes and six are waiting for committee hearings. Trump has urged Republicans to oppose efforts to confirm judicial nominees. “No Judges should be approved during this period of time because the Democrats are looking to ram through their Judges as the Republicans fight over Leadership,” he wrote on social media site X on Nov. 10, before congressional Republicans chose their new leaders. Student loan forgiveness The Education Department has been hurrying to finalize a new federal rule that would cancel student loans for people who face financial hardship. The proposal — one of Biden’s only student loan plans that hasn’t been halted by federal courts — is in a public comment period scheduled to end Dec. 2. After that, the department would have a narrow window to finalize the rule and begin carrying it out, a process that usually takes months. Like Biden’s other efforts, it would almost certainly face a legal challenge. Additionally, the Biden administration has room to speed up student loan cancellation for people who were already promised relief because they were cheated by their colleges, said Aaron Ament, an Education Department official for the Obama administration and president of the National Student Legal Defense Network. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona could decide that case and others rather than hand them off to the Trump administration, which is expected to be far friendlier to for-profit colleges. “It’s a no-brainer,” Ament said. “There’s a good number of cases that have been sitting on Cardona’s desk. It’s hard to imagine that those would just be left untouched.” Trump has not yet said what he would do on student loan forgiveness. However, he and Republicans have criticized Biden’s efforts. https://apnews.com/article/elections-trump-transition-biden-tax-spending-2c27fb2239640fdb667f274215b712fa Prior Episode Economic Corner 2 Post URL https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/11358-economiccorner003/ Prior Edition https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/596-economic-corner-2-december-7th-2024/ Next Edition

Steven Zhang was the president of a football club called Inter Milan. What he did matters for one reason. His situation exposes the low quality of ownership in humanity. A set of sport steams signed a contract to make their own league, it has alot of precedent. But only one club made sure it had a provisional clause to exit the contract upon conditions unfavorable to the club. The question heading this post is the key, please answer in comments. Josep Bartomeu- the now legally fallen former president of FC Barcelona for his financial activities. Andrea Agnelli the now excommunicado former president of Juventus because he signed said contract in my view. The glazers, inheritors of first allied, who own Manchester United, the Red sox owners who own Liverpool, stan kroenke married to a walton who own Arsenal, United Arab Emirates royals who own manchester city, Florentino Perez, the president of Real Madrid is an gambler. The russian Roman Abramovic the owed owner of chelsea, he was owed over a billion by the firm he created. A various set of owners accepted a contract that bound their firms to an action absent any provisions to exit. People will speak f greed but Zhang signed it to. Isn't Zhang as greedy, but what does greed have to do with positive fiscal quality actions. I say nothing Zhang didn't want to risk money. The articles below state the simple truth , the sponsors to the clubs were not told of the contract, and the breach of contract with the sponsors is imminent. And all but one president was smart enough to protect his firm while being greedy. Like the NBA who didn't make a provision for streaming for assessing a bidder and thus allowed discovery channel to sue them for absent streaming they could bid equally to am*zon I think, the soccer clubs presidents minus one have acted terribly as fiscal operators with teams of lawyers. I really wonder the management of many very wealthy sporting organizations. Many poor people suggest the rich are genius or collected with extreme organization, but these events prove otherwise. Zhang demanded a clause say if any sponsor of Inter Milan disagree to the deal , Inter Milan can exit with no penalty. No one can defend financial dysfunction like signing a contract that you can't get out. That is like black people who couldn't read contracts with whites in the usa. immediately after the war between the states. Zhang showed Greed but how can greed lead you to risk your own money. I thought greed meant you wanted more wealth but didn't want to lose wealth. So the financial league will have to exist at some point between the clubs involved as they signed the contract , one hundred and twenty pages absent a clause for them to get out. And comprehend some of these clubs vote for their president. So Real MAdrid or FC Barcelona if a president doesn't want it or ask the fans to vote to stay in the financial league, it is null and void because of former presidents binding the club forever into this agreement. The clubs who are owed by usa folk or just fiscally wealthy people that didn't have a clause seem willing to risk their clubs. For if the sponsors sue for breach of contract... it can be the death of the clubs who signed. The clubs like Bayern Munich owned by Qatari ultra billionaires plus Bayern Munich owed in the german system, said no cause neither of them were willing to sing the fate of their clubs absent a positive environment. And when the financial league became public the environment went very negative. Fans all over europe rioted or marched against the clubs . Other clubs like West Ham in England spoke against them. Sponsors to clubs or leagues publicly spoke against. But none of the signers outside one could leave cause their owners//presidents wealthy people were ignorant/stupid/inefficient/self harming/ or similar and didn't make a clause or clauses to their own protection to save their money. THESE ARTICLES or FRAGMENTS CITE MY POINT Why Inter are the only team that formally quit the Super League ByLorenzo Bettoni Mar 4, 2022 13:39 Inter have officially abandoned the Super League project thanks to a clause included in their contract with the organizers of the breakaway competition. The Nerazzurri were part of the 12 elite European clubs that announced the Super League less than a year ago. It collapsed within 48 hours with Premier League giants quitting the project, followed by Inter, Milan and Atletico Madrid. Juventus, Real Madrid and Barcelona are still involved and the Old Lady’s President Andrea Agnelli insisted yesterday that the Super League ‘did not fail.’ However, he added that the contracts signed one year ago are still valid for 11 of those 12 clubs. “UEFA knew that I as Juventus president was working on something different,” said Agnelli. “The Super League is a collective work of 12 teams, not one person. Twelve clubs signed a 120-page contract and it is still binding for 11 of those clubs.” According to COPE, Inter are the only team that has formally managed to quit the competition. The Serie A champions had a clause that allowed them to pull away from the project if it didn’t gain the support of all of their sponsors. https://football-italia.net/inter-quit-super-league-thanks-to-contract-clause/ … Fans are opposed to the new league, and aren’t interested in watching it Our snap poll shows just how strongly fans feel, with nearly eight in ten (79%) of those who follow football opposed to the new league, including over two thirds (68%) who “strongly oppose” the ESL’s creation. Opposition is highest among fans of the left-behind Premier League teams, with 88% of those following a team outside the big six opposed to the European Super League, compared to 76% of fans of the big six themselves. Only 14% of football fans are in favour of the new league. Even among fans of the big six set to be part of the ESL, fewer than a fifth (19%) support of its creation. As well as being opposed to the new league’s creation, only a fifth of those who follow football (21%) expressed an interest in watching ESL matches when the season begins. While some three in ten supporters of the English sides taking part (31%) are interested in watching, two thirds (68%) are not. Among fans of Premier League teams outside the big six, interest is even lower, with only 13% interested in watching compared to eight in ten (83%) who are not interested in tuning in. In fact, three quarters of fans (76%) would rather their team not join the European Super League, including a similar proportion of those who support one of the big six clubs acting as founding members (74%). Chairman of the European Super League, Real Madrid president Florentino Perez has said the new competition would “help football at every level” and their “responsibility as big clubs is to respond to [fan’s] desires”. However, fans don’t see the creation of the European Super League as being either motivated by what fans want to see, nor as good for lower level clubs. The vast majority of football followers think that the 12 founding clubs have been motivated more by financial gain (89%), with just 3% thinking that the creation of the European Super League is being driven more by fan’s desires, while some 5% think both motivations have played a part. … https://yougov.co.uk/sport/articles/35361-snap-poll-football-fans-overwhelmingly-reject-euro All six English football clubs that joined the European Super League have failed to formally leave it, amid claims by organisers that the competition will “eventually relaunch in modified form”. The so-called big six stated that they were withdrawing from the ESL after its launch backfired in April. However, the clubs — Manchester City, Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea — remain co-owners and shareholders of a holding company in Spain with clubs from Spain, France and Italy. Several of the clubs acknowledged yesterday they were still part of the European Super League Company but said they were determined to leave. Yet two senior sources close to the venture claim there is “no mechanism” for them to withdraw, and that the league is waiting to be relaunched in modified form. They said all 12 of the original breakaway clubs had to agree unanimously to dissolve the entity and that any club leaving unilaterally faced unlimited fines. Organisers believe the owners of the clubs accept that the football world faces a financial crisis exacerbated by Covid-19 and that in due course they will relaunch a compromise version of the Super League. “The owners know this is not the end — it’s just the beginning,” a senior source said. “We will resume dialogue, whether this year or next year. It’s just financial gravity. Football can’t survive in its current form.” Florentino Pérez, the president of Real Madrid, has said the 12 clubs that joined the league have “binding contracts”. Real Madrid, Barcelona and Juventus have not abandoned it. Arsenal said: “We have been absolutely clear we are withdrawing from the ESL. This is subject to a legal process which is under way.” Manchester United said: “The club has no intention to revisit the Super League concept. Any suggestion otherwise is simply an attempt to mislead our fans.” When the ESL plan was rushed out at the end of April, the government threatened legislation to block it. After an intense backlash from fans and the media, nine clubs — the six English sides, AC Milan, Inter Milan and Athletico Madrid — dropped out, leaving Real Madrid, Barcelona and Juventus. The three clubs have said they are within their rights to form a new competition, as a result of which they would withdraw from the Uefa-run Champions League, Europa League and Europa Conference League. Uefa and Fifa, the European and world governing bodies, united in opposition to the Super League, saying that the participating teams would be banned from their domestic leagues and their players from international competition. Super League representatives believe that Uefa and Fifa are breaching EU competition laws by preventing the clubs from breaking away. A case has been filed with the European Court of Justice with the aim of establishing whether the two governing bodies do indeed have the exclusive right to organise competitions. The hearing could take up to two years. A source close to the Super League said: “It’s our belief we will win that case based on precedent in other sports and it will pave the way for the Super League to eventually relaunch in a modified form.” https://www.thetimes.com/article/football-super-league-is-not-dead-just-resting-gbrp00dpv Economic Corner 001 POST URL https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/11353-economiccorner002/ PRIOR EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/595-economic-corner-1-december-3rd-2025/ NEXT EDITION https://aalbc.com/tc/events/event/597-economic-corner-3-december-8th-2024/

So Musk bought Twitter to make it a legally private data source that is being grown real time by the public users to his own private modern, circa 2025 , computer system commonly while falsely called an Artificial Intelligence, xai. The money he loaned to buy twitter he presented this to them in some way or form. Alot of data today is behind various paywalls, literally as in terms of service or legally through lawsuits if accessed. So getting data that is not only of a heavy quantity while still being added into plus private to all other data acquirers is priceless. Even if former twitter losses social media market share its value to growing xai is on course to making losses with x smaller than revenue earned from xai , potentially of a varying scale. Question: What will the ability of offline devices software having the generative functionality of OpenAI+ChatGPT+MidJourney aside the data of the google search engines internal encyclopedia have on humans? At some point devices will exist that don't need to be connected to the world wide web, which is in the internet , for the software inside said devices to exhibit the combined functionality plus base data content of multiple services of the most potent computer programs accessible online today, circa 2024. That moment will be a watershed in terms of online or world wide web usage. CITATIONS Segment Critics said Musk 'overpaid' for Twitter. Thanks to Trump and xAI, it could actually be a steal. ... Not only has X served as Musk's political megaphone — it has also been a lucrative source of training data for one of the billionaire's other ventures, xAI, a startup that has rocketed to a $50 billion valuation in 16 months. [ https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-xai-startup-valuation-history-chart-2024-11 : POSTSCRIPTA- segment] That fresh valuation means xAI has surpassed Musk's purchase price for X. It came with a $5 billion funding round, which The Wall Street Journal reported was backed by the Qatar Investment Authority and Sequoia Capital. [ https://www.businessinsider.com/xai-value-twitter-funding-elon-musk-x-2024-11 ] Musk launched xAI in July 2023 as a springboard to get in the AI race. He had cofounded and then left OpenAI over differences with its CEO, Sam Altman. The startup has made up significant ground on its rivals by using X as a source of third-party data, one of the key avenues for training large language models. [ https://www.businessinsider.com/generative-ai-wall-scaling-laws-training-data-chatgpt-gemini-claude-2024-11 ] In late 2023, Musk blocked other organizations from scraping X's data for free — but gave xAI continued access. That gave xAI a crucial boost. [ https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/08/x-updates-its-terms-to-ban-crawling-and-scraping/ : POSTSCRIPTB- segment] ... Though the number of X users has been falling, Musk said in May that it had 600 million monthly active users. "This is a level that neither OpenAI nor any other third party can access, or at least not as easily, which provides a huge competitive edge and therefore makes xAI a valuable company," Keenan-O'Malley added. Wired reported last year that access to 0.3% of X's data would cost about $500,000 annually. [ https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-data-api-prices-out-nearly-everyone/ ; title: Twitter’s $42,000-per-Month API Prices Out Nearly Everyone ; subtitle : Tiers will start at $500,000 a year for access to 0.3 percent of the company’s tweets.~] "Clearly X's or indeed any social-media platform's data is valuable," Advika Jalan, the head of research at MMC Ventures, told BI. https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/critics-said-musk-overpaid-for-twitter-thanks-to-trump-and-xai-it-could-actually-be-a-steal/ar-AA1v6Ojy?ocid=socialshare POSTSCRIPTA It took OpenAI, last valued at $157 billion in October, about nine years to reach the $50 billion milestone, according to PitchBook data. ... Elon Musk, starting with a team of 12 people in July 2023, did it in less than a year and a half. POSTSCRIPTB The new terms, which are effective from September 29, ban any kind of scraping or crawling without “prior written consent.” [ https://x.com/en/tos ] NOTE: crawling or scraping the Services in any form, for any purpose without our prior written consent is expressly prohibited. The previous version of the terms allowed crawling in accordance with robots.txt. “NOTE: crawling the Services is permissible if done in accordance with the provisions of the robots.txt file, however, scraping the Services without our prior consent is expressly prohibited,” it read. In the last few months, Twitter has also altered its robots.txt file — a file that gives instructions to robot crawlers about what parts of the site they are permitted to visit — to remove instructions for all crawler bots apart from Google. In 2015, Twitter confirmed that it had a firehose deal in place with Google to surface tweets in search results. It is not clear if the nature or terms of that deal have changed under the new management. We have reached out to Google to understand if the search giant has an agreement in place. We will update the story if we hear back. X has also altered the robots.txt file to disallow crawlers to get information such as likes and retweets related to specific posts. It also bars robots from looking at an account’s likes, media and photos. Earlier this month, X changed its privacy policy to state it might use public data to train AI models. Musk has previously noted during a Twitter space that xAI, a company founded in July, would use public data such as tweets to train its models. X’s new privacy policy also has provisions for the collection of biometric data of users along with education and job history. 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