John McCloskey was the 1st united states catholic christan cardinal 1875 + lithography

John McCloskey was the 1st united states catholic christan cardinal 1875, march 15th
As arch bishop of New York State he made the first parish for Black Catholics in New York.
It was St. Benedict the Moor organized in 1883. This parish was established in an old Unitarian temple on 210 Bleecker Street.

photo sources
St benedict the moor- don't know photographer
https://www.blackcatholicmessenger.org/st-benedict-the-moor-manhattan-sold/

lithography of Mccloskey, 1878 saxony & o'neill  - a lithograph is made on a flat surface where drawing is made of an oil based material...so 1) you take any flat material available or after process: stone/metal/wood/plastic. 2) Draw on it with an oily material, for example crayola crayons, but it must be thick for the sequent layers will eat into it... 3)then you make a mixture of water+ gum arabic with nitric acid and layer it on, this is to coat the parts not drawn on with a material that will not accept ink, as it is aqueous it will displace away from the crayola crayon. 4) now set, you can wet the surface with water and 5) and roll over the water with ink and a roller, a dry ink, but experiment, and the ink will repel away from the water and to the ink. 5) apply paper and press. 

old instructions

After the oil-based image is put on the surface, a solution of gum arabic in water was applied, the gum sticking only to the non-oily surface. During printing, water adhered to the gum arabic surfaces and was repelled by the oily parts, while the oily ink used for printing did the opposite.
https://archive.org/details/catholicchurches01shea/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater

Lithograph Print

Mokulito which is Lithography on wood - moku is the nipppon word for wood- I need to try this

From the Black Catholic Messenger

St. Benedict the Moor in Manhattan sold to Taiwanese billionaire
The first Black Catholic parish north of the Mason-Dixon line has been sold by the Archdiocese of New York.

Nate Tinner-Williams
January 17, 2023 . 7:18 AM

St. Benedict the Moor Catholic Church in New York City, the first Black parish north of the Mason-Dixon line, has been sold to a developer in a $16M deal.

The historic property in Hell’s Kitchen, which over its 154-year existence has hosted prominent Black Catholics from around the country, had been deconsecrated since 2017. The buyer is the JMM Charitable Foundation, a nonprofit associated with Taiwanese billionaire Walter Wang.

“'It was the first Catholic church [in NYC] to welcome Blacks and was always used to call attention to racial prejudices in America,” said the late Auxiliary Bishop Emerson Moore of New York in 1983, upon the church’s centennial.

“'This was the stepping stone for blacks from the Village to Harlem.”

The church by those years had become largely Hispanic, according to the New York Times, and had moved from its original location in Greenwich Village, where the congregation was founded in 1883. In the late 1890s, the current property was acquired for the Black Catholic group from a German Protestant congregation.

The golden years of St. Benedict the Moor soon followed, with thousands of registered members and a congregation made up of roughly 50% converts; the church served as a national parish for all the African Americans of the city.

Black Catholics and others also chose the parish for significant events, including the first stateside High Mass of Venerable Augustus Tolton, held at the original property following his 1886 ordination in Rome as the first openly African-American Catholic priest. Fr Norman Dukette, the first Black priest ordained in Detroit, assisted at the parish's golden jubilee Mass, held at the Hell's Kitchen location in 1933.

St. Benedict the Moor was also known to host “lyceums,” discussion groups that attracted Black luminaries such as Hubert Harrison, John E. Bruce, and Arturo Schomburg; by this, the church became known as the “intellectual center of the New York Negro.” The famed Black physician and diplomat John E. W. Thompson was counted among the church’s notable parishioners.

The first African-American Catholic seminarian in history, DC area native William Augustine Williams, moved to New York later in life and served as the parish sacristan at St. Benedict the Moor until his death in 1901. Like Tolton, he had been born a slave and was renowned upon returning to the US as a well-educated Black polyglot.

The nation’s third-oldest surviving order of Black nuns, the Franciscan Handmaids of the Most Pure Heart of Mary, was also connected to the parish, opening a nursery and convent there as well as operating an associated orphanage.

Though St. Benedict the Moor was at one point known as the most integrated within the New York archdiocese, within a few decades of its prime most of the neighborhood’s African Americans had moved to Harlem, portending the parish’s decline as a center of Black life.

By the turn of the millennium, the church was rumored for closure—a common fate for Black Catholic parishes following the religious decline of the late 20th century and the developments of desegregation. St. Benedict the Moor ceased operation as a worship site in 2007, and was deconsecrated a decade later.

Under the new purchase agreement, consented to by Cardinal Timothy Dolan of New York on January 6, the church itself must remain intact for at least 20 years, but can be repurposed for other (non-profane) uses. The fate of a New York City Landmark application for the church, filed in 2017, is unknown.