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Children’s Book Author Tonya Bolden
Children’s Book Author Tonya Bolden Troy Johnson Interview AALBC Founder Troy Johnson with Tonya Bolden at the 2020 African American Children’s Book Fair Tonya Bolden has written numerous be...
![Michael Clarke Duncan - The "Green Lantern" Interview [2011]](https://aalbc.com/images/AALBC-Logo-long-543-107.png){kind=logo}
Michael Clarke Duncan - The "Green Lantern" Interview [2011]
Michael Clarke Duncan - The "Green Lantern" Interview [2011] Kam Williams Interview From The Green Mile to Green Lantern Michael Clarke Duncan (1957-2012) was born in Chic...
Spike Lee: The Miracle at St. Anna Interview
Spike Lee: The Miracle at St. Anna Interview Kam Williams Interview Miracle of St. Spike Spike Lee is back with his first full-length feature since Inside Man (2006), the NYC cr...
Denzel Washington - "The Inside Man Interview" Interview
Denzel Washington - "The Inside Man Interview" Interview Kam Williams Interview Inside Denzel Denzel Washington The Inside Man Interview Photo from Inside Man (2006): Clive Owen, Denzel W...
Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe - The American Gangster Interview
Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe - The American Gangster Interview Kam Williams Interview Oscar-Winners Opine on Their Second Collaboration American Gangster Photos: Denzel Wash...
Nicole Ari Parker - Interview
Nicole Ari Parker - Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Baltimore on October 7, 1970, Nicole Ari Parker was the only child of Donald, a dentist, and Joanne, a health care professional. B...
Denzel Washington (2014) Interview - The Equalizer
Denzel Washington (2014) Interview - The Equalizer Kam Williams Interview Denzel Washington - The Equalizer Interview Coming Soon The Equalizer In Theaters: Sep 26, 2014 Wide Rated R, Myste...
Aisha Tyler - The "Balls of Fury and Death Sentence" Interview
Aisha Tyler - The "Balls of Fury and Death Sentence" Interview Kam Williams Interview Balls of Fury Photos: ’ Rogue Pictures Born in San Francisco on September 18, 1970, Aisha Tyler...
Linda Watkins
Linda Watkins Kam Williams Interview Linda Watkins, a Cincinnati native transplanted to Indianapolis, is a poet and writer. Poems from her chapbook, "Let me Shake your Leav...
Michael B. Jordan The “Fruitvale Station” Interview with AALBC.com
Michael B. Jordan The “Fruitvale Station” Interview with AALBC.com Kam Williams Interview Emerging Actor Discusses His Breakout Role as the Late Oscar Grant Born in Santa Ana on February 9, 1987...
Rise of the Guardians (2012) - Film Review
Rise of the Guardians (2012) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Mythological Figures Fight for Kids’ Innocence in Enchanting Animated Adventure Rise of the Guardians (2012) In Theaters: Nov 2...
Evan Ross - The "Gardens of the Night" Interview
Evan Ross - The "Gardens of the Night" Interview Kam Williams Interview Evan Olaf Ross was born in Greenwich, Connecticut on August 26, 1988 to pop diva Diana Ross and N...
Kerry Washington - The "For Colored Girls and Night Catches Us" Interview [2010]
Kerry Washington - The "For Colored Girls and Night Catches Us" Interview [2010] Kam Williams Interview Kerry on Everything from Film, Family & President Obama Winner of the 2005 NAACP Im...
Clarence Page - The “Culture Worrier” Interview
Clarence Page - The “Culture Worrier” Interview Kam Williams Interview Clarence Page is a nationally-syndicated columnist and member of the Chicago Tribune editorial board. Besides those duties...
Sheila Johnson “The Other City” Interview
Sheila Johnson “The Other City” Interview Kam Williams Interview A Heart-to-Heart with America's First Black Billionairess © Salamander Hopsitality 2010 Entrepreneur and philanthropist...
Alicia Keys “The Secret Life of Bees” Interview
Alicia Keys “The Secret Life of Bees” Interview Kam Williams Interview Alicia Keys burst on the scene in April of 2001 with the release of the single Fallin’ from Songs i...
Cathy Hughes - The TV One Interview
Cathy Hughes - The TV One Interview Kam Williams Interview One on One with TV One's Media Mogul Catherine Elizabeth Woods Hughes was born in Omaha, Nebraska where she attended Creighton Un...
Bridget Davis - The “Pocono Film Festival” Interview
Bridget Davis - The “Pocono Film Festival” Interview Kam Williams Interview Bridget Davis - “Pocono Mountain Film Festival” Interview Bridget O. Davis grew up in Harlem, in the Drew Hamilton ...
Michelle Rhee The “Radical” Interview with AALBC.com
Michelle Rhee The “Radical” Interview with AALBC.com Kam Williams Interview Michelle Rhee The “Radical” Interview Michelle Rhee was born on Christmas Day, 1969 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. A f...
Nate Parker: The “The Birth of a Nation” Interview
Nate Parker: The “The Birth of a Nation” Interview Kam Williams Interview The Birth of Nate’s Nation! Actor/humanitarian-turned-writer/director Nate Parker first received critical attent...
Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs - The "Sublime" Interview
Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs - The "Sublime" Interview Kam Williams Interview Whatever Happened to Freddie ’Boom-Boom’ Washington? Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs Born in New York City on September 4...
The Deja Vu Interview
The Deja Vu Interview Kam Williams Interview Denzel Washington The Deja Vu Interview with Kam Williams Here, two-time Oscar-winner Denzel Washington, an icon who needs no introduction...
Queen Latifah - the "Joyous Noise" Interview [December 2011]
Queen Latifah - the "Joyous Noise" Interview [December 2011] Kam Williams Interview The Queen Latifah - the “Joyful Noise” Interview Born Dana Elaine Owens in Newark, NJ on March 18, 1970, Qu...
Jada Pinkett Smith - Interview
Jada Pinkett Smith - Interview Kam Williams Interview Jada Pinkett Smith stars as Christina Hawthorne in TNT's medical drama "Hawthorne." In the role of Chief Nursing Officer at James River H...
Gabby Sidibe: The “Precious” Interview
Gabby Sidibe: The “Precious” Interview Kam Williams Interview Gabourey "Gabby" Sidibe was born in the Bedford Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn in 1983 to R&B/Gospel singer A...
Melissa Harris-Perry - The "Sister Citizen" Interview
Melissa Harris-Perry - The "Sister Citizen" Interview Kam Williams Interview Sister Melissa Born in Seattle, Washington on October 2, 1973, but raised in Charlottesville and Chester, Virgini...
Alice Walker The “PBS American Masters” Interview
Alice Walker The “PBS American Masters” Interview Kam Williams Interview Alice Walker has been defined as one of the key international writers of the 20th Century. She made history as the fi...
Clarence Thomas’ Ex Expounds on Steamy Memoir Vindicating Anita Hill
Clarence Thomas’ Ex Expounds on Steamy Memoir Vindicating Anita Hill Kam Williams Interview Retired Justice Lillian McEwen was born, raised and educated in Washington, D.C. Her stellar legal care...
Beverly Johnson - Interview
Beverly Johnson - Interview Kam Williams Interview Beverly Johnson is the first African-American supermodel. She is also an actress, author, activist, businesswoman and TV personality. Sh...
Taraji P. Henson - "The Family That Preys"Intervieww
Taraji P. Henson - "The Family That Preys"Intervieww Kam Williams Interview Taraji Shares All, Even the Surprising Color of Her Panties Taraji Penda Henson was born on Sep...
Gina Prince-Bythewood The “Beyond the Lights” Interview (October 2014)
Gina Prince-Bythewood The “Beyond the Lights” Interview (October 2014) Kam Williams Interview Gina Prince-Bythewood The “Beyond the Lights” Interview (October 2014) Born on June 10, 1969, Gina M...
Halle Berry - Perfect Stranger Interview
Halle Berry - Perfect Stranger Interview Kam Williams Interview Halle Berry Halle Berry is no stranger to the psychological thriller, having once played a shrink-turned-amnesiac mental pati...
Denzel Whitaker & Jurnee Smollett - "The Great Debaters" Interview [2007]
Denzel Whitaker & Jurnee Smollett - "The Great Debaters" Interview [2007] Kam Williams Interview The Great Young Stars in The Great Debaters In The Great Debaters, Jurnee Smoll...
Jurnee Smollett-Bell March 2013 Interview with AALBC.com's Kam Williams
Jurnee Smollett-Bell March 2013 Interview with AALBC.com's Kam Williams Kam Williams Interview Born in New York City on October 1, 1986, Jurnee Smollett-Bell is an award-winning actress and acti...
Jurnee Smollett & Denzel Whitaker - "The Great Debaters" Interview
Jurnee Smollett & Denzel Whitaker - "The Great Debaters" Interview Kam Williams Interview The Great Young Stars in The Great Debaters In The Great Debaters, Jurnee Smollett and Den...
Omarosa - The "Life After" Interview
Omarosa - The "Life After" Interview Kam Williams Interview A Tete-a-Tete with the Top Reality-TV Villain of All Time Omaroseonee Manigault-Stallworth was on February 15, 1...
Wanda Sykes - The "Over the Hedge" Interview
Wanda Sykes - The "Over the Hedge" Interview Kam Williams Interview Wanda Sykes Still photographs of "Over the Hedge" The Over the Hedge Interview with Kam Williams Born on March 7, 1964 in ...
Keke Palmer: The “Crazy Sexy Cool: The TLC Story” Interview
Keke Palmer: The “Crazy Sexy Cool: The TLC Story” Interview Kam Williams Interview Keke Palmer: The “Crazy Sexy Cool: The TLC Story” Interview Born in Harvey, Illinois on August 26, 1993, Lauren...
Mary J. Blige “The Help” Interview [August 2011]
Mary J. Blige “The Help” Interview [August 2011] Kam Williams Interview Read a statement to the fans of The Help from the Association of Black Women Historians Mary J. Blige "The Help" Interview ...
Anika Noni Rose - Half of a Yellow Sun - Interview
Anika Noni Rose - Half of a Yellow Sun - Interview Kam Williams Interview Anika Noni Rose The “Half of a Yellow Sun” Interview Tony Award winner Anika Noni Rose currently stars alongside Denz...
Carmen Ejogo - The “Sparkle” Interview
Carmen Ejogo - The “Sparkle” Interview Kam Williams Interview Carmen Ejogo - The “Sparkle” Interview Carmen Ejogo was born in London on New Year’s Day 1974 to Elizabeth Douglas and Charles ...
Salli Richardson-Whitfield - The "I Will Follow" Interview
Salli Richardson-Whitfield - The "I Will Follow" Interview Kam Williams Interview Sallie Rchardson with co-stars Omari Hardwick (L) and Blair Underwood Born in Chicago on November 23, 1967...
Vernon Davis: The NFL Playoffs Interview [2012]
Vernon Davis: The NFL Playoffs Interview [2012] Kam Williams Interview Vernon Davis: The NFL Playoffs Interview San Francisco 49ers tight end Vernon Davis is a game-changer who embodies the e...
Daniel Craig The “Skyfall” Interview
Daniel Craig The “Skyfall” Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Chester, England on March 2, 1968, and raised on the Wirral Peninsula outside Liverpool, Daniel Craig has gone from waiting tab...
Nate Parker - Actor Interview
Nate Parker - Actor Interview Kam Williams Interview Is Nate the Next Denzel? Nate Parker was born in Norfolk, Virginia on November 18, 1979 to a 17 year-old single-mom who never married ...
Terrence Howard - Profile
Terrence Howard - Profile Kam Williams Interview Terrence Howard in Lionsgate Films' Pride - 2007 Terrence Dashon Howard Date of Birth: March 11, 1969 Birthplace: Chicago, Illinois Ever ...
Terrence Howard - Pride Interview
Terrence Howard - Pride Interview Kam Williams Interview The Pride Interview with Kam Williams Terrence Howard (right) Ever since Terrence Howard landed an Oscar nomination for Hustle...
Blair Underwood - The "G" Interview
Blair Underwood - The "G" Interview Kam Williams Interview Blair Underwood The "G" Interview with AALBC.com Blair Underwood was born in Tacoma, Washington on August 25, 1964, but raised ...
Juan Williams - The "Muzzled: The Assault on Honest Debate" Interview [August 2011]
Juan Williams - The "Muzzled: The Assault on Honest Debate" Interview [August 2011] Kam Williams Interview Juan Williams Un-Muzzled Juan Williams was born in Panama on April 10, 1954, but ...
Audra Shivers
Audra Shivers Kam Williams Interview Audra Shivers is a native of Richmond, VA. In addition to her professional career as an editor, she has written for various newspapers and magazines, ...
Jeffrey Wright - The "Blackout" Interview
Jeffrey Wright - The "Blackout" Interview Kam Williams Interview Jeffrey Wright was born on December 7, 1965 in Washington, DC where he was raised by his mother, an attorney, with the help of ...
Michael Steele - Interview - Oct 2011
Michael Steele - Interview - Oct 2011 Kam Williams Interview Michael Steele The Interview Michael Stephen Steele was born on Andrews Air Force Base in Prince Georges County, Maryland on Oct...
On The Margin Radio Show
On The Margin Radio Show E. Ethelbert Miller Interview Listen to an Interview of AALBC.com’s Founder and Webmaster, Troy D. Johnson.He was interviewed on January 2, 2020 by E. Ethelbert Mille...
Stedman Graham: The “Athletes Against Drugs”
Stedman Graham: The “Athletes Against Drugs” Kam Williams Interview Stedman Graham was born on March 6, 1951 in Whitesboro, NJ, a community founded in 1901 by a group of prominent African...
Cloves Campbell, Jr. The “NNPA Chairman” Interview
Cloves Campbell, Jr. The “NNPA Chairman” Interview Kam Williams Interview Cloves C. Campbell, Jr., is the Publisher of the Arizona Informant, a family owned and operated newspaper that ...
Danny Glover - The "Honeydripper" Interview
Danny Glover - The "Honeydripper" Interview Kam Williams Interview Danny on Acting, Directing, and His Commitment to the Downtrodden and Disenfranchised Danny Glover as TYRONE PURVIS in...
Denzel Whitaker - Interview [2010]
Denzel Whitaker - Interview [2010] Kam Williams Interview Denzel Dominique Whitaker was born in Torrance, California on June 15, 1990 to Dale and Younalanda Whitaker. He made his acting debu...
Derek Luke - The "Notorious" Interview
Derek Luke - The "Notorious" Interview Kam Williams Interview Derek Luke was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on April 24, 1974, one of three boys who blessed the holy union ...
Frank Fountain - President of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund - Interview
Frank Fountain - President of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund - Interview Kam Williams Interview W. Frank Fountain is the President of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund, ...
Nate Parker Interview on his role in, Beyond the Lights
Nate Parker Interview on his role in, Beyond the Lights Kam Williams Interview Parker recently launched a campaign aimed at addressing the crisis affecting black males across America. Actor an...
R. Kelly Video Impersonating Michael Jackson
R. Kelly Video Impersonating Michael Jackson Kam Williams Interview Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me Click to Buy via Amazon.com by R. Kelly,David Ritz Hardcover: 392 pages Pu...
Samuel L. Jackson - Profile
Samuel L. Jackson - Profile Kam Williams Interview The Freedomland Interview The Snakes on a Plane Interview The Black Snake Moan Interview Born in ...
Sugar Ray Leonard - “The Big Fight” Interview
Sugar Ray Leonard - “The Big Fight” Interview Kam Williams Interview Sugar Ray Leonard - “The Big Fight” Interview One of the most prodigious pugilists of all time, Sugar Ray Leonard was born ...
Tip "T.I." Harris - The “Takers” Interview (2010)
Tip "T.I." Harris - The “Takers” Interview (2010) Kam Williams Interview On the Q.T. with T.I. Tip "T.I." Harris is one of his generation's most captivating speakers and one of the biggest ...
Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview 2014
Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview 2014 Kam Williams Interview Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview Tishuan Scott was born on October 27, 1979 in Shreveport, Louisiana. He attended Mo...
Samuel L. Jackson - Snakes on a Plane Interview
Samuel L. Jackson - Snakes on a Plane Interview Kam Williams Interview Samuel L. Jackson The Snakes on a Plane Interview with Kam Williams Born in Washington, DC on December 21, 1948,...
Do Yourself a Favor Authors; Market Your Book
Do Yourself a Favor Authors; Market Your Book Kam Williams Interview Do Yourself a Favor Authors; Market Your Book by A. Yamina Collins If you’re a writer on the cusp of publishing a book, today mi...
Benilde Little on her Novels and 1st Nonfiction Book, Welcome to My Breakdown
Benilde Little on her Novels and 1st Nonfiction Book, Welcome to My Breakdown Benilde Little Interview You are known for your novels, Good Hair, The Itch, Who Does She Think She Is?, Actin...
Critically Acclaimed Children’s Book Author
Critically Acclaimed Children’s Book Author Troy Johnson Interview Many children’s authors and illustrators come from the world of education but you also worked in the field of journalism f...
Jill Scott - The “Why Did I Get Married Too” Interview
Jill Scott - The “Why Did I Get Married Too” Interview Kam Williams Interview The Lady Waxes Eloquent Jill Scott was born on April 4, 1972 in The City of Brotherly Love where she was ra...
Carl Weber Gives “Best Selling” Author a New Meaning
Carl Weber Gives “Best Selling” Author a New Meaning Leah Mullen Interview A year ago this summer Hollywood witnessed the emergence of the "Original Kings of Comedy. "In the publishing wor...
Kola Boof: Words with the Author of the Best Black Book of 2006
Kola Boof: Words with the Author of the Best Black Book of 2006 Kam Williams Interview Egyptian/Sudanese-American writer Kola Boof is the author of seven books published in eight countrie...
Shirley Sherrod: The “Martin Luther King Awards Dinner” Interview with Kam Williams
Shirley Sherrod: The “Martin Luther King Awards Dinner” Interview with Kam Williams Kam Williams Interview Shirley Sherrod is best known as the African-American government official fired in ...
A Conversation with Diane Richards about Her Debut Novel <em>Ella</em>
A Conversation with Diane Richards about Her Debut Novel Ella AALBC Staff Writer Interview What inspired you to write a novel about Ella Fitzgerald? What drew you to her life and music as a subje...
Raven-Symone: College Road Trip Interview
Raven-Symone: College Road Trip Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Atlanta, Georgia on December 10, 1985, Raven-Symone Christina Pearman moved with her family to New York City while still...
Kimberly Elise - The "Great Debaters"Interview
Kimberly Elise - The "Great Debaters"Interview Kam Williams Interview Minneapolis' Kimberly Elise might be the best African-American actress around yet to generate any Oscar buzz. This, d...
Meagan Good - "The Unborn" Interview
Meagan Good - "The Unborn" Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Panorama City, California to Tyra Doyle and Leon Good on August 18, 1981, Meagan Monique Good was raised ...
Thandie Newton - The Run, Fatboy, Run Interview
Thandie Newton - The Run, Fatboy, Run Interview Kam Williams Interview Sweet as Thandie Born in London on November 6, 1972, Thandiwe Newton spent some of her formative years in Zambia wi...
A Novelist’s Staying Power: Interview with Gloria Mallette
A Novelist’s Staying Power: Interview with Gloria Mallette DuEwa M. Frazier Interview I first met Gloria Mallette in 2000 at an author event at Zawadi Gifts in Brooklyn. Gloria ...
Idrissa Uqdah
Idrissa Uqdah Kam Williams Interview Idrissa Uqdah, a writer from New Jersey grew up in Philadelphia. Her early fiction and poetry were published in the 1970s. Idrissa spent some time in Bl...
Interview with Angela Bassett
Interview with Angela Bassett Kam Williams Interview Born in New York City, but raised by her single-mom, Betty, along with her sister, D’nette, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Angela ...
Karrine Steffans from “Superhead” to Supermom
Karrine Steffans from “Superhead” to Supermom Kam Williams Interview Born on St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands on August 24, 1978, Karrine Steffans was a naive ing’nues who, as a tende...
Gabrielle Union The Perfect Holiday Interview
Gabrielle Union The Perfect Holiday Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Omaha, Nebraska on October 29, 1972, Gabrielle Monique Union was more of an athlete tha...
The Confessions of a Video Vixen Interview
The Confessions of a Video Vixen Interview Kam Williams Interview Karrine Steffans The Confessions of a Video Vixen Interview by Kam Williams When I first interviewed her a coupl...
Kimberly Elise: The "Pride" Interview
Kimberly Elise: The "Pride" Interview Kam Williams Interview The Pride Interview with Kam Williams Kimberly Elise (pictured with Terrence Howard) Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on A...
Naturi Naughton - The "Notorious" Interview
Naturi Naughton - The "Notorious" Interview Kam Williams Interview Naturi Cora Maria Naughton was born on May 20, 1984 in East Orange, New Jersey where she started singing in the ...
Tasha Smith - The “My Black Is Beautiful” Interview
Tasha Smith - The “My Black Is Beautiful” Interview Kam Williams Interview Tasha's Back, and Black and Beautiful as Ever! Tasha Smith and her identical twin, Sidra, were born on February 28, ...
Tre Armstrong - "The How She Move" Interview
Tre Armstrong - "The How She Move" Interview Kam Williams Interview Accomplished Dancer-Turned-Actress Takes Center Stage Tracey Tr’ Armstrong has been dancing as long as she can remember. Dur...
Book Lover’s Haven Feature Interview with Troy D. Johnson
Book Lover’s Haven Feature Interview with Troy D. Johnson Denise Turney Interview AALBC.com Home Page | More About AALBC.com This interview originally appeared in Issue 6.00 of The Book Lover&...
Q & A with Robin W. Pearson
Q & A with Robin W. Pearson Robin W. Pearson Interview Robin W. Pearson’s writing sprouts from her Southern roots, where she learned to sing “Jesus Loves Me,” how to make corn bread...
Award-winning Author and Journalist asha bandele
Award-winning Author and Journalist asha bandele Robert Fleming Interview An award-winning author and journalist, asha bandele first attained recognition when she penned her ...
Kim Fields The “Question of Faith” Interview
Kim Fields The “Question of Faith” Interview Kam Williams Interview Kim Fields is a veteran actress with an eminent household name, starring in two long – running series, NBC’s Facts of...
Yolanda Adams: The “How Sweet the Sound” Interview
Yolanda Adams: The “How Sweet the Sound” Interview Kam Williams Interview Ever since her late-Eighties debut, “Just as I Am,” Yolanda Adams has triumphantly carried the torch for c...
Nell Irvin Painter: The Creating African-American
Nell Irvin Painter: The Creating African-American Kam Williams Interview photo credit: Bill Gaskins Until her recent retirement from teaching, Nell Irvin Painter was the Edwar...
The “Talk to Me” Interview
The “Talk to Me” Interview Kam Williams Interview Talk to Me Photo: Kasi Lemmons with Taraji P. Henson. Born in St. Louis on February 24, 1961, Karen "Kasi" Lemmons is the daughter...
Dana Roc - Interview with founder of Dana Delivers! www.danaroc.com
Dana Roc - Interview with founder of Dana Delivers! www.danaroc.com Kam Williams Interview Every Monday morning for the past several years I've looked forward to receiving via e...
Ellen DeGeneres - Interview
Ellen DeGeneres - Interview Kam Williams Interview DeGeneres (L) with NY State Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton Born in Metairie, Louisiana on January 26, 1958, Ellen Lee DeGene...
Gloria Reuben - The "Raising the Bar" Interview
Gloria Reuben - The "Raising the Bar" Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Toronto on June 9, 1964, Gloria Reuben is the second youngest of a half-dozen children born to ...
Gugu Mbatha-Raw - Interview October 2014
Gugu Mbatha-Raw - Interview October 2014 Kam Williams Interview Gugu Mbatha-Raw on her role in the film Beyond the Lights Gugu Mbatha-Raw skyrocketed to fame earlier this year on the strengt...
Jennifer Hudson - Interview
Jennifer Hudson - Interview Kam Williams Interview Jennifer Kate Hudson was born in Chicago on September 12, 1981 to Darnell Hudson and Samuel Simpson. At the age of seven, she st...