I lived through the Witch hunting era of J.Edgar Hoover who was the Devil Incarnate, a vicious abuser of his power. My recollections if this period have to do with the mentality and attitude of the general black population of which I and my contemporaries were typical of.
The Communist Party never really made great inroads into the ranks of the black masses. Like everybody else, black folks were brainwashed by "Red Scare" propaganda into thinking that godless Communism was evil and not the answer to racism. Moreover, the Communist cause was not helped by the unwillingness of its paternalistic leaders to share their authority with black converts. But Hoover was obsessed with the threat of Communism.
Similarly, the Black Panthers never captured the support of mainstream Blacks because they were too militant; black people loved the romanticized sinister image and revolutionary rhetoric of the Panthers but weren't convinced the United States government could be overthrown. The greatest accomplishment of the Panthers was that they scared the hell out of Hoover who overestimated their influence and regarded them as a real threat.
Black people really loved Malcom X for standing up to white America and tellin' it like it was but they did not flock to the Black Muslim movment in great numbers. The austere Islamic lifestyle with its restrictions required too many sacrifices. "Negroes" also could not bring themselves to believe that all whites were "blue-eyed devils". But once again, the fanatical Hoover harbored great fear of this group and its leaders who he was determined to destroy..
Martin Luther King was the true messiah of most Blacks. They believed in him and were inspired to follow him and his nonviolence strategies. This really unnerved Hoover and, pervert that he was, he became a voyeur of King's sex escapades, which were fodder for black mail.
To me, the most amazing thing about those times, was the loyalty and patriotism exhibited by the black majority. They never gave up on democracy and the idea that America was their country, too, and that with help from white people of good will, they would overcome. The reward for their faithfulness was the insidious campaign on the part of an arm of the government determined to bring about the devastation of America's black community. Today, black hope is comparable to the "raisin in the sun" metaphor of poet Langston Hughes.