Michel Montvert

I don't feel that we can blame the people. Living under such a system, one is terrorized into submission. I've lived in such a country, where people are viciously abused yet the system grinds on decade after decade... When speaking out means a torture-death by machete, one keeps quiet. Trump admires Kim precisely because he has kept such a tight lid on that concentration camp of a country. Trump wishes he could control all of us like that.

Vedic notions of cycles of time are interesting. And things happen in cycles, so what time is it? Shiva is portrayed with eyes half closed, in the act of "blinking worlds in and out of existence." I can give myself a headache thinking about the present... it doesn't exist!!! See, here it is, right now, oh whoops. now it's the past. Here comes more "present", but now it's past as soon as I look at it. The old hippy injunction to "Be Here Now" is not as easy to fulfill as it might seem. It's like electrons, you can identify their mass, and you can indicate a probability of where they are, but you can't locate and measure them at the same time. When I think about that I start to think that nothing exists at all. Sorry I have no answers, only existential musings.

Trump went to N. Korea because he loves dictators. He praised Kim. He praised Duterte. He praised Erdogan. He praised Putin. He said he wished USA generals were more like Nazi generals. Trump is a TRAITOR, nothing less. Who has all those missing classified documents? I'm betting they are now in either Riyadh or Moscow. TREASON!!!

There is no "supremacism" in anything I said. Apparently if I disagree with you that makes me a supremacist. For a white supremacist I must be a huge failure, because I was married to a Jew and 2 Mexicans. I don't think the Klan would approve. You don't know me, but I am minimally even connected to whites at all. The white people here in Virginia I do not see as my people, I do not really know how to talk to them. Anyway. my comments here have been in defense of American Indians. not whites. No, you are confused about Y-DNA. Neandertals produced males just fine. The problem was when they interbred with sapiens. the male offspring usually did not survive due to genetic incompatibility. That is to what you refer, I'm sure. Neandertals and sapiens split 900k years ago and so there are genetic problems with their interbreeding. Neandertals and Denisovans were on that same line which split from sapiens. They then split subsequently. More accurately. probably, would be to say that they both evolved from Homo antecessor. The sapiens line at that time was Homo bodoensis (formerly called heidelbergensis), as sapiens didn't evolve until 300k yrs ago, from what we now know. What evidence do you have for white racism in ancient times? I've never seen it. The Greeks, for example, called nearly all non-Greeks "barbarians", whether they were black, white or other. I'm sure the Greeks had a higher opinion of black Egyptians than they did of white Celts. And I've seen no evidence that the Romans gave a damn about skin color. There were blacks in the Legions. and in fact one town in England was discovered to have African DNA in nearly everyone in the town, due to retired Legionnaires who'd settled there and been absorbed by the Britons. Racism is unnatural, and to think that whites somehow are inherently racist is nonsense. Racism as we know it was developed to rationalize the abuse of non-Europeans who were just being "discovered". They had no theories of black inferiority when black Moors were oppressing them and enslaving whites. They developed those theories to justify THEIR oppression against Africans (and others). Ok let's not flame war. Ultimately we're on the same side, just in being anti-racist if nothing else. The early Olmecs originated adjacent to the Maya, in Soconusco. The Mayan calendar was developed in that time. Olmec culture can be easily traced with continuity from the Gulf Coast back to Soconusco. Good point this guy makes about Afrocentrism and Eurocentrism. But the salient point: NO genetic evidence of any but Native Americans has been found in America, specifically in the Olmec region.

A lot of today's music is sung through voice modifiers, so that the singer often sounds like a computer. Milli Vanilli were trivial, I was unable to give a damn one way or the other. But then I'm from the 60s and so spoiled with GREAT music! I saw the TAMI concert in 1964, in Santa Monica. The Rolling Stones. Chuck Berry... but the most amazing act was James Brown. I'd never heard of him yet. OMG watch James Brown TAMI on Youtube. Poor Mick Jagger trying to seem exciting after that... Yeah, Milli Vanilli is a big yawn.

Yes... and also the Asian countries were not set up to fail as extensively as were the African ones. The Europeans had far less effect on Korea, China, Japan. etc. Nkrumah's book pissed off the British. He exposed how they'd rigged Ghana to fail, to remain dependent. to continue to supply cheap labor and raw materials. Another good book on this is "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa" by Walter Rodney. Really the Eurocolonialists SCREWED Africa far more than they did Asian nations. I mean you can't remove millions of slaves without severe detrimental effects, not to mention the way Europeans inserted themselves even into tribal political structures to control the people. Countries like Malaysia with a lot of rubber plantations experienced some of that, but still not at African levels. I can blame corrupt Africans for their misdeeds, but really Africans are no more stupid or gullible than anyone else... they've just been oppressed a lot harder. That's a sad fact. There are currently a LOT of clever young Africans devising solutions for their problems. How nice if such activity could prevail rather than the continuation of the "scramble for Africa", now with China involved.

Ok. you've gone over the edge... I am not pushing any "supremacist beliefs". That is offensive and I deserve an apology for that comment. Oh you say you don't reject a scientist for being white, but then assert that being a member of a "group" which is the oppressor, therefore the scientist's thinking is skewed. Being white affects your thinking? Not if you're rational. Science is not tied to "race", a scientifically invalid concept in any case! My scientific viewpoint on Olmecs, Maya, etc., is based on evidence. not some racial ideology which I had rejected by age nine. This business about "intersexed" is utterly divorced from science. Humans BEFORE that Y-DNA African Adam still had Y-DNA, we just haven't deciphered it yet. That African male was NOT the first to have Y-DNA! Please, if you studied biology why don't you know this? And have you not noticed that other mammals have gender. male and female, just as we do? The common ancestor of chimps and humans had Y-DNA! The males did, I mean. NOBODY in prehistoric times cared about "being white". nor was there ever any breeding to attempt to become whiter! Humans interbred with other Homo species. We have evidence for this in Africa as well. W-Central Africans have up to 6% non-sapiens DNA. Melanesians are 6% or more Denisovan. All Eurasians are 2-4% Neandertal, and there is Neandertal DNA among Africans also. You seem to think that prehistoric Eurasians thought like Kluxers or Nazis. They did not. Most are not aware that long before the OOA migration, an earlier migration of Africans into the Mideast had occurred, but had resulted in all those sapiens being absorbed by the Neandertals, so that the Neandertals the OOA people met were already part sapiens. But it was from the OOA people that Eurasians descend, overwhelmingly. Eurasians are all descendants of northeast Africans, those with mtDNA L3. You really think that racism was a factor in all this? Racism as we know it was not created until the "Age of Exploration", some 500 years ago! You speak as if Upper Palaeolithic hunters were practicing eugenics to make themselves whiter! If that were true, why did nearly all peoples back then easily mix with whomever they encountered? How did all that E1b1b get into the Eurasian Neolithic ancestry? That's an African marker. Some of what you say sounds like NOI teaching. You ought to know that their info is 100% bullcrap. Are you aware that the majority of European ancestry did NOT emerge from the Caucasus? The NOI thinks that it all did. The caves of the Caucasus and all that nonsense. Racist garbage. The Indoeuropeans were from the steppes. There aren't many caves there...

The original intent was to keep the working class from developing solidarity, by separating "white" from "black". Also, this separation facilitated the maintenance of the "blacks" in slavery, which gets to the ultimate purpose, to maintain an easily-exploitable pool of cheap labor. This whole system ends up keeping the white working class down as well, but it isn't designed and maintained by the working class, but by the whites in power. The black working class and the white working class both are thereby duped and exploited. I make this argument not to suggest that whites have it just as bad as blacks, which they generally do not, but to advocate for SOLIDARITY which would cut through the con game.

Does time flow smoothly, or is it incremental? I'm curious what you think about this, since you seem to think about time a lot. I had some strange visions as a child when I'd fear that I was going to fall between the intervals of time and be lost in a timeless universe. Or would I have been found? Sorry this sounds spaced out, but it happened years before I'd taken any of the controlled substances of the 60s.

NONE of that is due to Biden! As for FBI and DOJ corruption, it is non-existent. If it's corruption you want, take a look at how many Trumpolini associates have been indicted. And how many Obama-Biden associates? None that I know of. This country is rotten and continues to rot. The rot was caused by Reaganomics. No doubt you voted for it. Stop posting nonsensical white-right propaganda and spend some time before a mirror. If it's any consolation, there are far more white ones and they're INSANE! Good job putting "conservative" in quotes. Goldwater, the Bushes, the Cheneys... those are conservatives. These Trumpoids are populist fascists. I've lived under a fascist government and know what it smells like, and they reek of it.

Then you would support demosocialist policies as those in the other developed nations. where there IS childcare available, job security, where having a baby doesn't condemn you to poverty. Canada, France, Germany, UK, Australia, Israel, etc.... all superior nations to the USA, which steadily declines as long as Republicans and sycophant Republican-Lite Democrats are in power.

It is eminently political. Politics created the situation where having a black father in the home was negatively sanctioned. Politics created the crappy economic environment for the working class---Reaganomics. That same murdering devil Reagan encouraged white racists to come back into the mainstream, the results of which we're reaping now. All those white supremacist terrorist types are voting just as you do... that is what YOU need to examine.

2024 is interesting... the date of the next Presidential election. The GOP will lose the election, and then... A friend of mine who hates Trump but is a gun aficionado and hangs out with Republicans at the gun shop was talking about their intention to rise up. Around here there is a high % of blacks relative to the avg. in Virginia, and a bunch of hippies at a yoga center founded by Satchidananda. I asked him, so what are these rednecks planning to do, rise up and shoot whom? The Yogaville hippies and the blacks? He simply said, "Yeah, probably. And Democrats."

I presume you're familiar with "Neocolonialism" by Kwame Nkrumah, which makes the point you're making about the colonizers setting up "independent" African nations to remain dependent on the Europeans. I take back my comment that this is "trivial" compare to oil revenue. I see what y'all are saying, it is indeed meaningful. I still wish the Nigerian govt would deal with the oil problem. They can work on cultural matters, but what about the MONEY and the pollution, the devastation of communities in the oil areas? Of course we see what happens when a nation nationalizes its oil. Venezuela tried it and the USA set about dirty-tricking their economy. Mexico got away with it... PEMEX!

A lot to unravel, but you seem to dismiss science if it was put forth by a white person. That obviously is not a logical approach. Evolution is well proven, and is the basis of modern biology. The guy who invented the transistor was a racist but the transister still works... Those stone heads are stylized. What I'm saying is that nobody looks just like that, with such exaggerated features. They're no more realistic than Picasso's cubism (in part influenced by W. African sculpture, by the way). But it is true that the features shown on those heads are those of local Natives, not Africans! The problem with many peoples' thinking in the USA is that this society is permeated with color racism and so we tend to see everything in black and white. If they're not white, then they're black! In fact blacks and whites together are only a third of humanity... There IS proof of humans evolving, including evolution which is proceeding now. Evolution is defined as a change in allele frequencies in a population. The European diseases brought to America caused an evolution of the Native population so that now they are more resistant to measles and smallpox. And we have of course genetic and fossil evidence confirming the evolution of many life forms. from whales to molluscs. Your view of the Bantu migrations is missing some elements. They did slaughter people, and enslave them. They did rape. Renegade Ngoni turned back northward and were viciously attacking villages. There were no whites around to inspire this, as there were for the Rwanda genocide. I can find numerous examples of such behavior committed by other than whites. Care to discuss the Arabs? Huns and Mongols and Turks? Euroimperialism certainly has been a half-millennium of outrage, extensive crimes against humanity, but if one looks beyond our own experience in the USA one finds many peoples engaging in such behavior. There is nothing genetically amiss with "white" people. It is the culture foisted on them which is problematic. This behavior for Europeans traces to the Yamnaya, one of the 3 major elements of our ancestry. Those were some sick mofos. That patriarcha imperialist culture has influenced many people from the Chinese to the Mideasterners and beyond. A blight on humanity, really, Yamnaya culture. And anyone trained in science knows that one must have evidence. You cannot say, "This might have happened; prove that it didn't." You have to say, "Here's evidence for what happened." There is NO evidence for Africans in America. Van Sertima did NOT present any real evidence. Some Spaniard called Indians "negros" and so that means they were Africans? Spaniards at that time called dark-haired Europeans "negros". It proves nothing. They called people in the Philippines "negritos" (little blacks). Were those people Africans? No. I read "They Came Before Columbus" in the early 70s. It is dismissed by scholars because it is pop alternative archaeology not based on evidence but on speculation. Van Sertima is in the same category as Graham Hancock. Fantasy archaeology appealing to those who don't mind a lack of evidence to support fanciful stories. Y'all should read "We Were Taught to Plant Corn. Not to Kill," by Tax'a León, a Quiché Maya from Guatemala. I was there when the wave of genocide began. They tortured and killed some of my friends. The death squads had my name on a list; I escaped by walking through the jungle into Belize. Over 200k people were killed between 1978 and 1986, just in Guatemala, never mind El Salvador and Nicaragua and Angola, other nations in which Reagan funded death squads. I once had a conversation with a Salvadoran woman in California during which we both concluded that we were just waiting for the E.M. (death squad) to come get us. I'm a white gringo yet I now live like this, always expecting that I will die by torture. The Salvadoran E.M. in fact were becoming active in Los Angeles, against gringos as well as Salvadorans. If I were Mayan I likely couldn't have escaped, couldn't have travelled and gotten into Belize. Instead they saw me as a tourist and ignored me, being a white gringo. There was a genocide in Guatemala which few know about. As it was happening I was trying to tell people in the USA and nobody cared. Now I have to listen to people trying to steal Mayan legacy for themselves, and sorry, that is not acceptable. They have enough trouble trying to stay alive without someone stealing their ancestry and history. I had lived with those people, and not as a tourist. I was accepted by them, as a foreigner would be. I was invited to Christmas parties in Mayan homes. I knew them. A chimán was teaching me. This is not an academic matter. It is analogous to how I feel about African-Americans. I've known them most of my life, I like them, yet they're mistreated. My friends have taken a lot of shit just for being black, and I don't have to explain that to y'all in here, obviously. Well I'm opposed to any injustice, but to take 3 examples, blacks, Jews and Mayans, 3 peoples I've lived among and the abuse of whom does NOT make me happy. To me a white person claiming Nordics created Egypt (when the facts are clear that it was black Africans) is no different from a black person claiming Native Americans. If you investigate online you will also find considerable Mexicans objecting to Van Sertima, et al., as they rightly see it as culture theft, culture vulturism, and it is not acceptable. There are still civilizations and untold wonders only just being discovered or still unknown in Africa. WHY would you bother with trying to claim Olmecs or Maya? So the Spanish somehow genocided only the African Maya, and left the native ones be? And the evidence? Nothing. It is made up. You see Native Mayans and so have to invent a story to make them black in the past. Never happened. I've seen a lot of old Mayan art, mostly relief sculptures. Never saw anyone depicted who looked African.

I'm not clear what you're arguing regarding the oldest Y-DNA known. I simply state that it is not the first human DNA, it is simply the oldest known! Obviously neandertals and other hominins also had Y-DNA. It is not an OPINION that Natives have certain DNA, including the current Maya. and also it is not an OPINION that the Maya were not wiped out but persist! The Maya I knew were the descendants of those who were there before the Spanish arrived. They were not wiped out. Just as in the USA, the USA people did kill a lot of Natives, but those who survive were not "replacements", but the survivors of the genocide. Genocide rarely kills everyone in a group. There are still Jews and Roma despite Hitler. It is an insult to Native people and their cultures to claim they're all replacements for someone else... really not acceptable.

This seems trivial relative to the issue of oil revenues. It is still the case that the people living near oil installations suffer more detriment than benefit from it. The shady deals between BP, et al., and the Nigerian govt should be illuminated.

The individual Trump supporter is not a threat... until he answers another Trump call to insurrection, at which point he quickly becomes a treasonous threat to our freedom, as is Trump, of course. Clearly Trump intends to be dictator, at which time there will be a bloodbath. Trump has stated this many times. He envies Putin's ability to liquidate journalists. He thinks he should have absolute power. He likes the way Kim gets things done. Trump is a fascist traitor, and anyone supporting him is likewise. Biden is a politician and has to be polite. I am not and do not.

The Maya were NOT killed off. They are still here. The same people. If they had been of African type and replaced by the current ones, then where did these current Maya come from? They sure look like Native Americans... real ones. not imaginary Celts, Basques, Chinese or Africans. I think you are misinterpreting the DNA evidence for that one male. It does not mean that that was the only male human on earth, nor that before that there were no males! I'd suggest reading some basic scientific literature to understand this. Start with an Intro to Physical Anthro text. Clyde Winters is especially clownish, but the others are also WRONG and that is easy to prove. I actually saw Rashidi on a video in Cambodia claiming the Khmer were black Africans. That makes his credibility ZERO. That group of charlatans is akin to Graham Hancock and the other "alternative archaeology" people who make things up for which they have no evidence. Nearly all of it dates back to 19th-century or earlier error, and perpetuates the false notion of radical diffusionism from Egypt of all civilization. Think about it... somehow black Maya were wiped out, suddenly replaced by Maya with Native DNA... This makes no more sense than the average pronouncement by Trump. Back to DNA: Neandertals had Y-DNA and they had gender. Nearly all animals do. There was no "intersexed" hominin species! And there were males before that one you reference! What that individual represents is the earliest appearance of the Y-DNA which is in modern humans. The oldest type currently alive is A, followed by B. Not surprisingly these are most common in Khoisan-Twa peoples. But what was the Y-DNA of the Homo sapiens found in Ethiopia 170k yrs old? We don't know, because DNA could not be extracted, due to the age of the fossils. That doesn't mean they had no Y-DNA! And was a 170k-yr-old individual the same as the oldest types now alive? Very unlikely. Notice that chimps have Y-DNA. Virtually all vertebrates do. The earliest human Y-DNA goes back how far? compared to the 700k-yr (at least) separation between us and neandertals this is very young. Sapiens in Eurasia was able, nonetheless, to interbreed with neandertals (and others), as in W-Central Africa there was interbreeding with another species,. likely bodoensis. None of this could have occurred if those species did not have Y-DNA which was related to that of sapiens and compatible enough to produce some viable offspring. Also an Intro to Genetics text might help you understand this. Use real academic material, not pop "alternative" stuff which is largely nonsense, and much of which sounds like Eurocentrism flipped on its head. Whites said whites created all civilization, so now Afrocentrics will claim that blacks created all civilization. Neither of these viewpoints is worth a plug nickel.

You may be right. I think it's likely that "no one knows the hour." Mayan sources emphasize that humans will choose which way it will go. Humanity collectively will be given a chance to choose sanity over madness, light over darkness. My trust in humanity is not high currently, but we'll see what happens.

We live in the material world and in one which we could call "magical" for lack of a better term. Humans' ability to be conscious of both realms varies with the individual, of course. I am aware currently of a trajectory of changes which is running parallel to what we read in the news and is accessible to normal vision. Likely you are also aware of this. In fact, we can take action in either or both realms. As you mention Guatemala... some of what is going on is charted by the Mayan calender. The Vedic understanding of cycles is also relevant to this. Some intense weather ahead!

Time Between - YouTube TIME in the music of the 60s

What I find problematic about this is that you seem to think that if you can put the adjective "Caucasian" before "scientist" that invalidates the scientist! So you are then rejecting the scientific method altogether? Facts, evidence, the hypothetical-deductive method... these things are an expression of logic which is independent of the ancestral identity of the scientist doing the work! And if you are going to make statements about peoples' ancestries, you have to have evidence. And you have to use the labels correctly. Dravidian speakers. for example, were NOT the first people in India. The are very likely the creators of the Harappan civilization. But the peoples with Y-DNA C, D and H were there before the Dravidians. who are associated with L. It was not only the Indoeuropeans who pushed other people out of the way when they migrated. We can find the same behavior perpetrated by Bantu speakers moving south in Africa, or Chinese speakers spreading out from the river valleys where they originated. As for America... all I can say is I want to see EVIDENCE!!! There is ZERO evidence of any Dravidian speakers coming to America before Columbus. If you wish to treat this as a contest, sorry but the Vikings win. They were the first non-Native Americans to come to America that we know of. They are the only ones for whom there is solid evidence. There may have been Polynesian contact with South America, but oddly while Polynesian DNA is not found in S. America, S. American DNA is found on Easter Island! Nobody is quite sure how that happened. But, we have Viking artifacts on Labrador which are undeniable. WHERE is there any such evidence for anyone else coming here? And if it's a contest. I'd point out that Labrador is not really that far from Greenland and so the Viking voyage to Canada was not nearly as impressive, really. as that of Columbus who had to cross a lot more ocean to get to the Caribbean from Spain. In very ancient times there is evidence of East Africans sailing to India to trade. Perhaps that was also more impressive than the Viking voyage. But it's not a contest. As for the rest... there is a mountain of evidence confirming that humans evolved in Africa. And we evolved from a species who lived 7 million years ago and was also ancestral to chimps and bonobos. DNA confirms this. It really is not possible to argue with DNA. The analysis of it is today quite sophisticated and can clearly be used to trace ancestry. Those who left Africa about 60k years ago had mtDNA types M & N, which evolved from L3 which is the common type in northeast Africa. And there are now known fossils of Homo sapiens 300k years old, from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco. There is no fossil evidence of sapiens in Eurasia until the OOA event. The people who entered America were mixed of several types found in Siberia. Y-DNA C is the type of early OOA migrants around the coast of Eurasia. Type Q is sister clade of R (the type of Indoeuropeans), originating in central Asia/Siberia, and so Native Americans are most closely related to northeast Asians, mostly Siberians. and Indoeuropeans. Type C is common in eastern Eurasia. It is in SE Asia, among Chinese, in the islands, and in eastern Siberia. In places like Cambodia there is no appreciable L (Dravidian). The Indian connection to the Khmer was in Medieval times when Cambodia was Hindu and Indian traders were there. Those traders of course were of Dravidian and Indoeuropean ancestry. Every region we look at is mixed, with few exceptions. The Andamanese aren't much mixed. But nearly everyone else is. Europeans are a mixture primarily of 3 ancient groups. Native Americans of 2. Indians of about 5, including the original C & D people. We can now trace migration histories with great accuracy thanks to genomie analysis. There is still ZERO DNA found in America from precolumbian samples which is other than of the Native American types.

Time is a means to prevent everything from happening at once. There is a theory that the spiral of time as it relates to events on earth is tightening, becoming more rapid, compressed. Empires now rise and fall faster than in the past. Information is being accumulated at a ever-increasing rate. As all of this converges, one theory has it that everything will be resolved, we will at geometrically increasing speed come to realization. One person putting forth such ideas was Terence McKenna.

But... all humans on earth trace back to Africa! There are not only one male to whom all human DNA can be traced, nor only one female. But all such people would have to be in Africa, obviously, to have been ancestral to all humans. Native Americans arrived from Beringia. All of them. NO Native DNA has been found which is other than that. They arrived in America probably some 25k years ago, which is at least 35k years after their ancestors had left Africa. They had changed considerably, and had new evolved DNA markers which were not present in Africa. I was among the Maya and yes they are generally quite dark, but their features are nothing like those of Africans. I have a Cambodian friend who is also as dark as the Maya, and she isn't African either. Plenty of Eurasians had and have dark skin. They evolved to have a skin color which suited their environment. I would suggest that nobody's family history has much to say going back to Columbus' time. Perhaps a griot in West Africa could recite geneology that old. European records might have it for Europeans. But... there is no history which shows Africans in America! Nor Chinese! We need solid evidence. DNA, human remains. cultural traits, crops... something! We have nothing. Van Sertima provided no references to his "facts", his work was not peer reviewed. and so it is categorized as "pop alternative history/anthropology" and based on no evidence. There are black scholars of course doing very legitimate work and affirming the truth of black history, for example, S.O.Y. Keita who has established that BLACK people were in predynastic and early dynastic Egypt, or Felix Chami of the Univ. of Dar es Salaam who proved with archaeology that the coastal Swahili-speaking people created the civilization there (mainland. Pemba, Mafia Is., Zanzibar), not Persians or Arabs as has been stated by non-African scientists. But I have listened to such as David Imhotep, Runuoko Rashidi, Clyde Winters, etc., and can easily debunk their "everyone was once really black" claims. I can also easily debunk any Eurocentric who thinks that Egyptian civilization was NOT created by black people. And we can easily find Native people in Veracruz and Tabasco who look exactly like those Olmec stone heads. 100% Native Americans of Beringian origin. You may have heard of Luzia and the Lagoa Santa fossils. They also were analyzed and are 100% Native American. Really among some of my European ancestors, such as Dutch, French, English and Scots, one can find African admixture. But none has been found in America. Among my own Appalachian people there are a lot of stories about the "Indians" in our ancestry. Very often these are tales without any substantiation. My family's DNA was analyzed and was pure European. That doesn't mean there isn't an Indian in the woodpile, necessarily, but it does mean that family histories are often invented. A similar invention is heard often from African-Americans who deny they're part white, and claim to be part Indian, yet DNA analysis shows them to be mixed of African and European usually with no Native component at all. I understand why people would like to deny white ancestry, ok, but facts are facts. There are many Youtube videos, notably by a guy named de Montellano, which debunk all of this easily. If you look at the Native people of that area, they look just like those stone heads. Keep in mind the features are exaggerated... nobody actually looks like that. This is another case of people seeing Native faces and imagining they see someone else. Like Mayans... they are not much mixed really. In the Highlands they look quite like unmixed Natives. Notice that those claiming African Olmecs mix up the dates of the imaginary visitors. They were Egyptians. they were Mande in Medieval times, and so on. None of it matches, even in the work of the same author. A handful of Norse settled briefly in Labrador, and left plenty of remains by which they can easily be identified. WHERE is such evidence for Africans here? There would be some DNA, certainly... or some remains... or SOMETHING that is African! I should also mention... Nobody has to disprove anything van Sertima said, because he failed to prove anything! That is the problem with his work. He doesn't even try to prove it, just states things which many want to believe, and so they do. 1. African DNA in pro-Columbian America 2. African human remains 3. African cultural artifacts 4. African boats 5. African crops Van Sertima never shows us ONE bit of real evidence of any of those things here in America. Nor does anyone else. And would not they have returned to Africa? Most claim that they did, that they were trading back and forth. And so I'd have to ask for some evidence of American crops in Africa, as well! Or American Indians. Almost immediately the Spanish were taking Native Americans to Spain. Would not the Africans have done the same?