Yes, but it depends upon the environment. People of recent African descent are not optimized, genetically, for living in places live New York, Chicago, or Detroit. Indeed, many Black folks suffer from vitamin D deficiency which can diversely effect one's bones.
White folks down here, in the south, must protect their skin with sunblock or they will suffer from sun burn and even skin cancer. I don't think I've ever been sun burned.
Genetic adaptation takes a looooong time. Of course people can adapt by using suitable clothing and shelter. So if you can take someone else's shelter, clothing, and other resources that makes you the "fittest," nullifying any benefits of genetic adaptation.