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The Jena Blowback: Symbolic Use of the Noose as the New N-Word
The Jena Blowback: Symbolic Use of the Noose as the New N-Word Kam Williams Interview The Jena Blowback: Symbolic Use of the Noose as the New N-Word by Kam Williams Ominously, there's ...
Dante Brown - The Won't Back Down Interview
Dante Brown - The Won't Back Down Interview Kam Williams Interview Dante Brown The “Won’t Back Down” Interview Born in Chicago on October 6, 1999, Dante Brown’s big break came at the tender ...
Soledad O’Brien - The “Who Is Black in America?” (Black in America 5) Interview
Soledad O’Brien - The “Who Is Black in America?” (Black in America 5) Interview Kam Williams Interview Soledad O’Brien The “Who Is Black in America?” Interview Soledad O’Brien is the anchor fo...
Clarence Page - The “Culture Worrier” Interview
Clarence Page - The “Culture Worrier” Interview Kam Williams Interview Clarence Page is a nationally-syndicated columnist and member of the Chicago Tribune editorial board. Besides those duties...
Soledad O Brien - The "CNN Presents: Black in America 2" Interview
Soledad O Brien - The "CNN Presents: Black in America 2" Interview Kam Williams Interview Photo by Dimitrios Kambouris - ' WireImage.com Born on September 19, 1966 in Saint ...
Interview with Bakari Kitwana
Interview with Bakari Kitwana Kam Williams Interview Bakari Kitwana Bakari Kitwana has been the Executive Editor of The Source, the Editorial Director at 3rd World Press, and a music rev...
Flo Anthony <em>Deadly Stuff Players</em> Interview
Flo Anthony Deadly Stuff Players Interview Kam Williams Interview Florence “Flo” Anthony is a syndicated celebrity radio host, columnist. The first African-American woman to work in ...
Debating the Black Agenda, a panel discussion - Video Clip
Debating the Black Agenda, a panel discussion - Video Clip Kam Williams Interview MSNBC PRESS RELEASE On Saturday, April 17th, msnbc will carry portions of the National Action Network's...
The “Black Nativity” Interview
The “Black Nativity” Interview Kam Williams Interview Kam Williams: Hi Kasi, thanks for the interview. Kasi Lemmons: No problem. KW: What a powerful film! I don’t remember ever s...
Benedict Cumberbatch “The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” Interview with AALBC.com's Kam Williams
Benedict Cumberbatch “The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” Interview with AALBC.com's Kam Williams Kam Williams Interview Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch was born in London on July 19, 1...
Daniel Craig The “Skyfall” Interview
Daniel Craig The “Skyfall” Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Chester, England on March 2, 1968, and raised on the Wirral Peninsula outside Liverpool, Daniel Craig has gone from waiting tab...
Behold the 9th Wonder of the World!
Behold the 9th Wonder of the World! Kam Williams Interview Behold the 9th Wonder of the World! Born Patrick Denard Douthit in Winston-Salem, NC on January 15, 1975, 9th Wonder is a G...
An Open Statement to the Fans of The Help by Association of Black Women Historians (ABWH)
An Open Statement to the Fans of The Help by Association of Black Women Historians (ABWH) Kam Williams Interview An Open Statement to the Fans of The Help http://www.abwh.org On behalf of ...
Ludacris - The "Gamer" Interview
Ludacris - The "Gamer" Interview Kam Williams Interview Christopher Brian Bridges was born on September 11, 1977 in Champaign, Illinois where he began rapping at the age of...
Jamal Woolard - The "Notorious" Interview
Jamal Woolard - The "Notorious" Interview Kam Williams Interview Jamal Weighs-In on His Reincarnation of Biggie Smalls Like the late Christopher Wallace, aka Biggie Smalls, ...
AALBC.com Interview with Jeff Chang
AALBC.com Interview with Jeff Chang Kam Williams Interview Kam Williams: Hi Jeff. Thanks for the time and congratulations on the NAACP Image Award nomination for Who We Be. You used to ...
Wayne Pharr - Obituary - September 6, 2014
Wayne Pharr - Obituary - September 6, 2014 Kam Williams Interview Wayne Pharr, former Black Panther who fought the Los Angeles Police in a historic gun battle in 1969, passed away on September 6, 2...
Walter Benefield
Walter Benefield Kam Williams Interview An avid reader, husband, father, U.S. Marine and writer, Walter says, "reading African American Literature is contagious." Reading great stories a...
Kam Williams - AALBC.com Reviewer and Interviewer
Kam Williams - AALBC.com Reviewer and Interviewer Kam Williams Interview Voted Best Male Entertainment Journalist of the Decade by the Disilgold Soul Literary Review in 2006, Kam Williams...
Koch (2013)
Koch (2013) Kam Williams Interview Bittersweet Biopic Paints Evenhanded Post Mortem on Life and Times of Late NYC Mayor Koch (2013) In Theaters: Feb 1, 2013 Limited Unrated, 1 hr. 40 min. D...
Ryan Coogler's "Fruitvale Station" Interview with AALBC.com
Ryan Coogler's "Fruitvale Station" Interview with AALBC.com Kam Williams Interview Born in Oakland, California on May 23, 1986, Ryan Coogler attended college on a football scholarship, playing wi...
Uncle Yah Yah Part I & II 21st Century Man of Wisdom - Book Reviewed by Carol Taylor
Uncle Yah Yah Part I & II 21st Century Man of Wisdom - Book Reviewed by Carol Taylor Kam Williams Interview Uncle Yah Yah 21st Century Man of Wisdom - Part II Click to order via Amazo...
Assessing the State of the Black Digital Press
Assessing the State of the Black Digital Press Kam Williams Interview Troy Johnson is the President of AALBC.com, LLC, whose main property is the website AALBC.com, for which Troy is the foun...
Gil L. Robertson IV: Award-Winning Author Assesses the State of Black Relationships
Gil L. Robertson IV: Award-Winning Author Assesses the State of Black Relationships Kam Williams Interview Award-Winning Author Assesses the State of Black Relationships Gil L. Robertson IV i...
Troy Johnson on #WritersonWriting with Dr. Brenda M. Greene (#Center4BlackLit)
Troy Johnson on #WritersonWriting with Dr. Brenda M. Greene (#Center4BlackLit) Brenda M. Greene Interview Dr. Brenda Greene interviews Troy Johnson, the founder of the African American Literature Boo...
The Vanishing Black Male Interview
The Vanishing Black Male Interview Kam Williams Interview KW: Do you really think black men are vanishing and becoming extinct? Hisani DuBose (HD): With over one million African Amer...
Dr. West’s Prognosis for the Country's Prospects
Dr. West’s Prognosis for the Country's Prospects Kam Williams Interview Dr. Cornel West is a prominent and provocative public intellectual dedicated to democracy. Currently the Class of 19...
Results from Form 1 of Page supersti.htm
Results from Form 1 of Page supersti.htm Kam Williams Interview Name: Anna McCaskill Date: 6/29/98 Comments Please print this on a poster and place it by convenience stores throughout la...
Tango Negro, The African Roots of Tango (2013) - film Review
Tango Negro, The African Roots of Tango (2013) - film Review Kam Williams Interview Musical Documentary Examines the African Roots of the Tango. Tango Negro, The African Roots of Tango (2013) U...
Tavis Smiley The “Death of a King” Interview
Tavis Smiley The “Death of a King” Interview Kam Williams Interview Tavis on Repositioning Dr. King as a Revolutionary Photo credit WideVision Photography Tavis Smiley is the host and mana...
Karrine Steffans from “Superhead” to Supermom
Karrine Steffans from “Superhead” to Supermom Kam Williams Interview Born on St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands on August 24, 1978, Karrine Steffans was a naive ing’nues who, as a tende...
The “Talk to Me” Interview
The “Talk to Me” Interview Kam Williams Interview Talk to Me Photo: Kasi Lemmons with Taraji P. Henson. Born in St. Louis on February 24, 1961, Karen "Kasi" Lemmons is the daughter...
An Interview with John A. Williams
An Interview with John A. Williams Dennis A. Williams Interview John A. Williams (right) and Dennis A. Williams Originally published in FORKROADS, A Journal of Ethnic-American Literature, Wint...
Al B. Sure - “The Ultimate Merger” Interview
Al B. Sure - “The Ultimate Merger” Interview Kam Williams Interview Al. B. Sure Enough Loves Himself Some Omarosa Albert Joseph Brown, III was born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 4, 1968 b...
Bullet to the Head (2013) - Film Review
Bullet to the Head (2013) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Unlikely-Buddies Flick Features Cop and Hit Man on Revenge-Fueled Rampage Bullet to the Head (2013) In Theaters: Feb 1, 2013 Wide ...
Common - The "Happy Feet Two" Interview [November 2011]
Common - The "Happy Feet Two" Interview [November 2011] Kam Williams Interview The Dreamer, The Believer Born Lonnie Rashid Lynn in Chicago on March 13, 1972, Common rose to prominence as one ...
Craig Robinson Interview (the actor, not 1st Lady Michelle Obama's brother)
Craig Robinson Interview (the actor, not 1st Lady Michelle Obama's brother) Kam Williams Interview Craig Robinson The “Peeples” Interview with AALBC.com Born in Chicago on October 25, 1971, Cr...
Deadfall (2012) - Film Review by Kam Williams
Deadfall (2012) - Film Review by Kam Williams Kam Williams Interview Eric Bana and Olivia Wilde Co-Star in High Body-Count Crime Caper Deadfall (2012) In Theaters: Dec 7, 2012 Limited Ra...
Janet Jackson - The “Why Did I Get Married Too” Interview
Janet Jackson - The “Why Did I Get Married Too” Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Gary, Indiana on May 16, 1966, Janet Damita Jo Jackson entered show business at the tender age of 7 whe...
President Jimmy Carter interview, March 2012
President Jimmy Carter interview, March 2012 Kam Williams Interview President Jimmy Carter Interview March 2012 (coming soon) Related Links ...
Kick-Ass 2 (2013) - Film Review
Kick-Ass 2 (2013) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Shocking Splatterflick Ups the Ante on Original’s Gratuitous Gore Kick-Ass 2 In Theaters: Aug 16, 2013 Wide Rated R for sexuality, grap...
Middle of Nowhere - Film Review
Middle of Nowhere - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Middle of Nowhere, Ava DuVernay’s Second Feature Film Middle of Nowhere (2012) In Theaters: Oct 12, 2012 Limited Rated R for pr...
One Night Stand: From the Blank Page to Live Stags, All Within 24 Hours! (2013) - Film Review
One Night Stand: From the Blank Page to Live Stags, All Within 24 Hours! (2013) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Theater Documentary Chronicles Captivating Musicals Staged in 24 Hours One N...
President Jimmy Carter The “NIV Lessons from Life Bible” Interview
President Jimmy Carter The “NIV Lessons from Life Bible” Interview Kam Williams Interview President, Peanut Farmer and Sunday School Teacher President Jimmy Carter The “NIV Lessons from Life ...
R. Kelly Video Impersonating Michael Jackson
R. Kelly Video Impersonating Michael Jackson Kam Williams Interview Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me Click to Buy via Amazon.com by R. Kelly,David Ritz Hardcover: 392 pages Pu...
Rise of the Guardians (2012) - Film Review
Rise of the Guardians (2012) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Mythological Figures Fight for Kids’ Innocence in Enchanting Animated Adventure Rise of the Guardians (2012) In Theaters: Nov 2...
Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview 2014
Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview 2014 Kam Williams Interview Tishuan Scott “The Retrieval” Interview Tishuan Scott was born on October 27, 1979 in Shreveport, Louisiana. He attended Mo...
Bob Marley is Still Catching Fire
Bob Marley is Still Catching Fire Kam Williams Interview BOB MARLEY IS STILL CATCHING FIRE by Christopher John Farley author of "Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley." Bob...
Daryle Jenkins - Interview, Klanbuster Discusses State of Hate Groups in the Age of Obama
Daryle Jenkins - Interview, Klanbuster Discusses State of Hate Groups in the Age of Obama Kam Williams Interview Klanbuster Discusses State of Hate Groups in the Age of Obama ...
Julianne Malveaux: The “Surviving and Thriving” Interview
Julianne Malveaux: The “Surviving and Thriving” Interview Kam Williams Interview Dr. Julianne Malveaux is the 15th President of Bennett College for Women. Recognized for her progressive and...
Kysha N. Brown
Kysha N. Brown Kam Williams Interview KYSHA N. BROWN (Photo Credit: J.R. Thomason) KYSHA N. BROWN is a publisher, poet and performer. She is co-founder and president of Ru...
Troy Johnson
Troy Johnson Kam Williams Interview "Hello, Troy. I visited your site - very interesting. It is a good deal more than a Book Club for bucks - more like a neighborhood bookstore - a labor of lo...
Interview with Author of The Billion Dollar College Admissions Scam
Interview with Author of The Billion Dollar College Admissions Scam Troy Johnson Interview Harlow Giles Unger Troy Johnson, AALBC:I agree with the notion that college is not for everyone. However,...
Prophet Shelby Explains Why Black Messiah Obama Won’t Win
Prophet Shelby Explains Why Black Messiah Obama Won’t Win Kam Williams Interview Photo Credit: Hoover Institution Shelby Steele is a controversial public intellectual w...
Black Panther Founder, Bobby Seale
Black Panther Founder, Bobby Seale Kam Williams Interview Seizing the Time with the Black Panther Founder Robert George Seale was born on October 22, 1936 in Dallas, Texas where, from ...
Will.i.Am - The "X-Men Origins: Wolverine" Interview
Will.i.Am - The "X-Men Origins: Wolverine" Interview Kam Williams Interview Will Expounds on Everything from X:Men to ’Yes We Can’ William James Adams, aka Will.i.Am, was...
Kim Fields The “Question of Faith” Interview
Kim Fields The “Question of Faith” Interview Kam Williams Interview Kim Fields is a veteran actress with an eminent household name, starring in two long – running series, NBC’s Facts of...
Sandra L. Richards: Richards Rocks!
Sandra L. Richards: Richards Rocks! Kam Williams Interview The American-born daughter of Jamaican immigrant parents, Sandra L. Richards is the author of “Rice & Rocks.” She hopes that h...
Julianne Malveaux: “Are We Better Off” as a Result of Obama’s Presidency?
Julianne Malveaux: “Are We Better Off” as a Result of Obama’s Presidency? Kam Williams Interview Dr. Julianne Malveaux has long been recognized for her progressive and insightful observations. She ...
Columbus Came Late
Columbus Came Late Kam Williams Interview THE GLOBAL AFRICAN COMMUNITY HISTORY NOTES: "COLUMBUS CAME LATE--THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN EARLY AMERICA" BY RUNOKO RASHDI The fist civilization of a...
Lynne d. Johnson
Lynne d. Johnson Kam Williams Interview ynne d. Johnson writes about music, cyberculture, literature, and the performing and visual arts. You can find her articles, essays, and poetry in variou...
Notes from a Hip Hop Head
Notes from a Hip Hop Head Kam Williams Interview April 19, 2007 An Open Letter to Oprah Winfrey: Notes from a Hip Hop Head by Saul Williams Dear Ms. Winfrey, It is with the g...
Tanzania: A Journey Within (2014) - Film Review
Tanzania: A Journey Within (2014) - Film Review Kam Williams Interview Tanzania: A Journey Within In Theaters: Apr 25, 2014 Limited Unrated Running time: 103 minutes Distributor: Heretic F...
Wendy Williams - "The Wendy Williams Show" Interview
Wendy Williams - "The Wendy Williams Show" Interview Kam Williams Interview How You Doin'? Born in Asbury Park, New Jersey on July 18, 1964, Wendy Joan Williams burst onto the TV landscape ...
Tavis Smiley: The State of the Black Union Interview
Tavis Smiley: The State of the Black Union Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Gulfport, Mississippi on September 13, 1964, Tavis Smiley was raised by his mother an...
Brian Sparks - The "Black White" Interview
Brian Sparks - The "Black White" Interview Kam Williams Interview Black Man Reflects on Being White for Five Weeks Brian Sparks: Before Photo Credit: Robert Zuckerman B...
Jada Pinkett Smith - The "HawthoRNe" Interview
Jada Pinkett Smith - The "HawthoRNe" Interview Kam Williams Interview Jada Pinkett Smith The HawthoRNe Interview Maryland Native Jada Pinkett Smith studied dance and acting ...
Nicole Beharie - The "American Violet" Interview
Nicole Beharie - The "American Violet" Interview Kam Williams Interview A recent grad of the acting program at the prestigious Juilliard School, Nicole Beharie made her screen d...
Steve Harvey: The Still Trippin' Interview
Steve Harvey: The Still Trippin' Interview Kam Williams Interview Steve Reflects on His Career and on the Passing of His Pal Bernie Mac Broderick Steven Harvey was born in W...
Texas Battle - The "Dragonball Evolution" Interview
Texas Battle - The "Dragonball Evolution" Interview Kam Williams Interview Born in Houston on August 9, 1980, Texas Battle earned his bachelor's degree in kinesiology at the...
Tyrese Gibson - "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen" Interview
Tyrese Gibson - "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen" Interview Kam Williams Interview Always Tyrese! Tyrese Darnell Gibson was born in Los Angeles on December 30, 1978. He...
Zoe Saldana - The "Star Trek" Interview
Zoe Saldana - The "Star Trek" Interview Kam Williams Interview Given Zoe Saldana’s meteoric rise, it only makes sense that the flick that finally rockets her to the h...
Dr. Henry Louis Gates - The "Black in Latin America" Interview
Dr. Henry Louis Gates - The "Black in Latin America" Interview Kam Williams Interview Dr. Gates on His New PBS Series Professor Henry Louis Gates dominated the national news for ...
Bob Johnson - The Who’s Your Caddy Interview
Bob Johnson - The Who’s Your Caddy Interview Kam Williams Interview First Black Billionaire Gives His Two Cents on Everything from Making Movies to Making Money Robert L. Johnson was b...
Touré: Who’s Afraid of Post-Blackness? What It Means to Be Black Now
Touré: Who’s Afraid of Post-Blackness? What It Means to Be Black Now Kam Williams Interview Touré - The “Who’s Afraid of Post-Blackness?” Interview Born in Boston on ...
Reverend Al Sharpton The “Murder in Black and White Interview”
Reverend Al Sharpton The “Murder in Black and White Interview” Kam Williams Interview Alfred Charles Sharpton, Jr. was born in Brooklyn, NY on October 3, 1954 to Ada and Alfred...
Kola Boof: Words with the Author of the Best Black Book of 2006
Kola Boof: Words with the Author of the Best Black Book of 2006 Kam Williams Interview Egyptian/Sudanese-American writer Kola Boof is the author of seven books published in eight countrie...
Ishmael Reed – July 1-7, 1983, in Emeryville, California
Ishmael Reed – July 1-7, 1983, in Emeryville, California Reginald Martin Interview REGINALD MARTIN: Camus wrote in "Neither Victims nor Executioners" that the only really committed a...
Dante James: The “Huey P. Newton Documentary” Interview
Dante James: The “Huey P. Newton Documentary” Interview Kam Williams Interview Emmy-Winning Director Invites Investors in Black Panther Biopic Dante James is an Emmy Award-winning independen...
Cave Canem's 10th Anniversary
Cave Canem's 10th Anniversary Kam Williams Interview Poetry Unleashed - Cave Canem's 10th Anniversary by Rondall Brasher My awakening was Cave Canem's 10th Anniversary celebration he...
Cornel West
Cornel West Kam Williams Interview Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma on June 2, 1953, Princeton Professor Cornel Ronald West is one of America's most gifted and provocative...
David Mann - The "Meet the Browns" Interview
David Mann - The "Meet the Browns" Interview Kam Williams Interview Meet the Manns Born on August 7, 1966 with a beautiful singing voice, Texas-native David Mann began ...
Djimon Hounsou - The "Push" Interview - plus, Djimon a Daddy?
Djimon Hounsou - The "Push" Interview - plus, Djimon a Daddy? Kam Williams Interview Djimon a Daddy? During an interview with me last year, Djimon Hounsou prematurely broke th...
Dr. Randal Pinkett - The “Black Faces in White Places” Interview
Dr. Randal Pinkett - The “Black Faces in White Places” Interview Kam Williams Interview "You're Hired!" A Chat with the Only African-American Winner of "The Apprentice" Dr. Randal Pinkett ha...
Flex Alexander - The "Soulaughable" Interview
Flex Alexander - The "Soulaughable" Interview Kam Williams Interview Born Marc Alexander Knox in the Bronx on April 15, 1970, Flex Alexander got his start in showbiz as ...
Jennifer Hudson - The "Dreamgirls" Interview
Jennifer Hudson - The "Dreamgirls" Interview Kam Williams Interview Hudson Has Arrived! Jennifer Hudson Dreamgirls (2006) Born in Chicago on September 12, 1981, Jennifer Hudson began singi...
Keshia Knight Pulliam - The "Madea Goes to Jail" Interview
Keshia Knight Pulliam - The "Madea Goes to Jail" Interview Kam Williams Interview Cosby Kid Chats about Successful Comeback Born in Newark, New Jersey on April 9, 1979, Kesh...
Omarosa - The "Life After" Interview
Omarosa - The "Life After" Interview Kam Williams Interview A Tete-a-Tete with the Top Reality-TV Villain of All Time Omaroseonee Manigault-Stallworth was on February 15, 1...
Rob Brown - "The Express" Interview
Rob Brown - "The Express" Interview Kam Williams Interview Rob Brown: Express-ing Himself Born in Harlem on March 1, 1984, but raised in Brooklyn, Rob Brown got his start ...
Soledad O'Brien - The "Haiti Relief Effort" Interview
Soledad O'Brien - The "Haiti Relief Effort" Interview Kam Williams Interview Soledad's Eyewitness Report on the Haitian Relief Effort In the wake of the Haitian earthquake, CNN's Soledad...
Tasha Smith - The “My Black Is Beautiful” Interview
Tasha Smith - The “My Black Is Beautiful” Interview Kam Williams Interview Tasha's Back, and Black and Beautiful as Ever! Tasha Smith and her identical twin, Sidra, were born on February 28, ...
Samuel L. Jackson - The "Black Snake Moan" Interview
Samuel L. Jackson - The "Black Snake Moan" Interview Kam Williams Interview Sam Rises to the Occasion as Lazarus Samuel L. Jackson The Black Snake Moan Interview with Kam Williams ...
Deesha Philyaw: Writing Black Women Toward Freedom
Deesha Philyaw: Writing Black Women Toward Freedom Leyda Aileen https://aalbc.com/author-photos/Deesha-Philyaw.webp Interview When I caught up with Deesha Philyaw, she was enjoying something increasin...
Children’s Book Author Tonya Bolden
Children’s Book Author Tonya Bolden Troy Johnson Interview AALBC Founder Troy Johnson with Tonya Bolden at the 2020 African American Children’s Book Fair Tonya Bolden has written numerous be...
9 Questions for April Ryan, White House Correspondent
9 Questions for April Ryan, White House Correspondent Troy Johnson Interview Race does play a major factor with what’s going on between President Obama and Congress.”—April Ryan ...
Interview with Angela Bassett
Interview with Angela Bassett Kam Williams Interview Born in New York City, but raised by her single-mom, Betty, along with her sister, D’nette, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Angela ...
Colin Channer on Caribbean Literature, the Black Readers, Love, Urban Fiction, and the Art of Writing
Colin Channer on Caribbean Literature, the Black Readers, Love, Urban Fiction, and the Art of Writing Robert Fleming Interview With the stunning 1998 publication of Waiting In Vain, Colin Channer in...
On-line Chat Featuring author Mat Johnson
On-line Chat Featuring author Mat Johnson Thumper Interview The Coffee Will Make You Black On-line Reading Group’s Chat Transcript The Coffee Will Make You Black Reading Group&...
Nell Irvin Painter: The Creating African-American
Nell Irvin Painter: The Creating African-American Kam Williams Interview photo credit: Bill Gaskins Until her recent retirement from teaching, Nell Irvin Painter was the Edwar...
Valjeanne Jeffers Interview
Valjeanne Jeffers Interview Derrick Ferguson Interview Valjeanne Jeffers is a graduate of Spelman College and North Carolina Central University, and a member of the Carolina African American ...